Breach growth formula (Water Overlay): Difference between revisions

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Water can flow through [[breach (Water Overlay)|breach]]es into levee protected areas. These breaches often start small and grow over time<ref name="breachgrow"/>.  
Water can flow through [[breach (Water Overlay)|breach]]es into levee protected areas. These breaches often start small and grow over time.  


TODO: THIS SECTION IS OUTDATED, NEEDS UPDATE!
The water flowing through breaches can originate from an external area outside the project area or an input area within the project area.


The water flowing through breaches can originate from an external area outside the project area or an input area within the project area.
This algorithm is based on the incremental timestep formula of Verheij-van der Knaap<ref name="breachgrow"/>, as described in section ''3.4.4 Implementatie in SOBEK'' and the conclusion of that paper.


First, the difference in height of the water on either side of the breach is calculated.
First, the difference in height of the water on either side of the breach is calculated.


: <math>\Delta h = abs( max(0, w_{e,t} - H_{b,t}) - max(0, w_{b,t} - H_{b,t}) )</math>
: <math>\Delta h_{t} = \left | w_{o,t} - max(w_{i,t}, H_{b,t}) \right |</math>
 
Using the height difference, the breach width increase is calculated.


: <math>\Delta W_{b,t} = f_{m} \cdot (\sqrt{g} \cdot \sqrt{\Delta h^3} / cs_b ) \cdot \log_{10} (1 + (0.04 \cdot g / cs_b) \cdot \Delta t / 3600)</math>
Using the height difference, the breach width increase (m/s) is calculated per computational timestep.


: <math>\Delta W_{b,t} = ((f_1 * f_2) / ln(10)) * ((g * H)^1.5 / cs_b^2) * (1 / (1 + (f_2 * g * t) / (3600 * cs_b)))</math>
: <math>\Delta W_{b,t} = \frac{f_1 \cdot f_2}{ ln(10)} \cdot \frac{(g \cdot \Delta h_{t})^{1.5 }}{ {cs_b}^2} \cdot  \frac{1} { 1 + \frac{f_2 \cdot g \cdot \Delta t} {cs_b \cdot 3600}}</math>


The current breach width is then equal to the last calculated breach width, plus the calculated breach width increment.
The current breach width is then equal to the last calculated breach width, plus the calculated breach width increment.


: <math>W_{b,t} = W_{b,t-1} + \Delta W_{b,t}</math>
: <math>W_{b,t} = W_{b,t-1} + \Delta W_{b,t} \cdot \frac{\Delta t }{ 3600}</math>


Where:
Where:
: <math>W_b</math> = The [[Breach width (Water Overlay)|BREACH_WIDTH]] of the breach.
: <math>W_b</math> = The [[Breach width (Water Overlay)|BREACH_WIDTH]] of the breach.
: <math>H_{b,t}</math> = The [[Breach height (Water Overlay)|BREACH_HEIGHT]] of the breach at time t.
: <math>H_{b,t}</math> = The [[Breach height (Water Overlay)|BREACH_HEIGHT]] ({{datum}}) of the breach at time t.
: <math>W_{b,t}</math> = The calculated breach width, initially equal to W<sub>b</sub>.
: <math>W_{b,t}</math> = The calculated breach width, initially equal to <math>W_b</math>.
: <math>w_{b,t}</math> = Inner water level at breach area at time t.
: <math>w_{i,t}</math> = Inner water level at breach area at time t, measured at the [[Breach measurement distance m (Water Overlay)|measurement point]] (or [[Breach level area (Water Overlay)|Level Area]]) of the [[Breach (Water Overlay)|Breach]].
: <math>w_{e,t}</math> = Outer water level at input area (or external) at time t.
: <math>w_{o,t}</math> = Outer water level at [[Breach input area (Water Overlay)|Input Area]] (or [[External_water_level_(Water_Overlay)|external area]]) at time t.
: <math>\Delta h_{t}</math> = The difference between the height of the water columns on either side of the breach at time t.
: <math>\Delta h_{t}</math> = The difference between the height of the water columns on either side of the breach at time t.
: <math>f_1</math> = Material factor, set to 1.3 (average for sand and clay levees).
: <math>f_1</math> = Material factor, set to 1.3 (average for sand and clay levees).
: <math>f_2</math> = Constant, set to 0.04.
: <math>f_2</math> = Constant, set to 0.04.
: <math>g</math> = Gravity constant, defined for the Water Overlay.
: <math>g</math> = {{gravity}}.  
* <math>cs_{b}</math> = The critical [[Breach speed (Water Overlay)|BREACH_SPEED]] of the breach (e.g. 0.2 for sand and 0.5 for clay).
: <math>cs_{b}</math> = The critical [[Breach speed (Water Overlay)|BREACH_SPEED]] of the breach (e.g. 0.2 for sand and 0.5 for clay).
* <math>\Delta W_{b,t}</math> = The calculated width increase of the breach at time t.
: <math>\Delta W_{b,t}</math> = The calculated width increase of the breach at time t.
* <math>\Delta t</math> = Computational timestep.
: <math>\Delta t</math> = Computational [[Timestep formula (Water Overlay)|timestep]].
 
 
[[File:Breach-top5.png|left|400px|[[Breach (Water Overlay)|Breach]] with (internal) [[Breach input area (Water Overlay)|Input Area]] and a [[Breach measurement distance m (Water Overlay)|Measurement Point]]]]
[[File:Breach-top-ext.png|left|400px|[[Breach (Water Overlay)|Breach]] with [[External water level (Water Overlay)|External Water Level]] and a [[Breach level area (Water Overlay)|Breach Level Area]]]]
 


==Notes==
{{article end
|notes=
* The breach height H<sub>b,t</sub> can be defined over time, by configuring the [[Breach height (Water Overlay)|BREACH_HEIGHT]] as an [[attribute array]].
* The breach height H<sub>b,t</sub> can be defined over time, by configuring the [[Breach height (Water Overlay)|BREACH_HEIGHT]] as an [[attribute array]].
* The inner water level is to be measured not directly inside the breach area but a few meters away. By default 100m, this can be adjusted via the [[Breach_measurement_distance_m_(Water_Overlay)|BREACH_MEASUREMENT_DISTANCE_M]] attribute. It can also be measured using a manual defined [[Breach level area (Water Overlay)|level area]].
* For more details on breach growth, we also recommend reading this "Quickscan"-report for Waterschap Rijn en IJssel<ref name="quickscan"/>.


==See also==
|seealso=
For an example of the breach growth, take a look at the [[Demo Breach Project]] available in all domains.
For an example of the breach growth, take a look at the [[Demo Breach Project]] available in all domains.


==Related==
|related=
The following topics are related to this formula.
The following topics are related to this formula.
; Features
; Features
Line 46: Line 52:
: [[Breach flow formula (Water Overlay)|Breach flow formula]]
: [[Breach flow formula (Water Overlay)|Breach flow formula]]
; Models
; Models
: [[Breach model (Water Overlay)|Breach Model]]
: [[Surface model (Water Overlay)|Surface model]]
: [[Surface model (Water Overlay)|Surface model]]


==References==
|howtos=
*[[How to add a breach level area to a breach]]
 
|references=
<references>
<references>
<ref name="breachgrow">Verheij, H.J. ∙ Aanpassen van het bresgroeimodel in HIS-OM: Bureaustudie ∙ found at: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:aedc8109-da43-4a03-90c3-44f706037774 ∙ (last visited 2019-03-08)</ref>
<ref name="breachgrow">Verheij, H.J. ∙ Aanpassen van het bresgroeimodel in HIS-OM: Bureaustudie ∙ found at: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:aedc8109-da43-4a03-90c3-44f706037774 ∙ (last visited 2022-09-08)</ref>
<ref name="quickscan">Arcadis ∙ Quickscan Lijnvormige Kerende Elementen Onderzoek naar de modellering van bresgroei en standzekerheid van Lijnvormige Kerende Elementen Waterschap Rijn en IJssel ∙ found at: https://edepot.wur.nl/556012 ∙ (last visited 2022-09-08)</ref>
</references>
</references>
 
}}
{{WaterOverlay formula nav}}
{{WaterOverlay formula nav}}

Latest revision as of 13:08, 5 March 2024

Water can flow through breaches into levee protected areas. These breaches often start small and grow over time.

The water flowing through breaches can originate from an external area outside the project area or an input area within the project area.

This algorithm is based on the incremental timestep formula of Verheij-van der Knaap[1], as described in section 3.4.4 Implementatie in SOBEK and the conclusion of that paper.

First, the difference in height of the water on either side of the breach is calculated.

Using the height difference, the breach width increase (m/s) is calculated per computational timestep.

The current breach width is then equal to the last calculated breach width, plus the calculated breach width increment.

Where:

= The BREACH_WIDTH of the breach.
= The BREACH_HEIGHT (datum) of the breach at time t.
= The calculated breach width, initially equal to .
= Inner water level at breach area at time t, measured at the measurement point (or Level Area) of the Breach.
= Outer water level at Input Area (or external area) at time t.
= The difference between the height of the water columns on either side of the breach at time t.
= Material factor, set to 1.3 (average for sand and clay levees).
= Constant, set to 0.04.
= the acceleration due to gravity, set to 9.80665.
= The critical BREACH_SPEED of the breach (e.g. 0.2 for sand and 0.5 for clay).
= The calculated width increase of the breach at time t.
= Computational timestep.


Breach with (internal) Input Area and a Measurement Point
Breach with External Water Level and a Breach Level Area


Notes

  • The breach height Hb,t can be defined over time, by configuring the BREACH_HEIGHT as an attribute array.
  • The inner water level is to be measured not directly inside the breach area but a few meters away. By default 100m, this can be adjusted via the BREACH_MEASUREMENT_DISTANCE_M attribute. It can also be measured using a manual defined level area.
  • For more details on breach growth, we also recommend reading this "Quickscan"-report for Waterschap Rijn en IJssel[2].

How-to's

Related

The following topics are related to this formula.

Features
Breach
Formulas
Breach flow formula
Models
Breach Model
Surface model

See also

For an example of the breach growth, take a look at the Demo Breach Project available in all domains.

References

  1. ↑ Verheij, H.J. ∙ Aanpassen van het bresgroeimodel in HIS-OM: Bureaustudie ∙ found at: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:aedc8109-da43-4a03-90c3-44f706037774 ∙ (last visited 2022-09-08)
  2. ↑ Arcadis ∙ Quickscan Lijnvormige Kerende Elementen Onderzoek naar de modellering van bresgroei en standzekerheid van Lijnvormige Kerende Elementen Waterschap Rijn en IJssel ∙ found at: https://edepot.wur.nl/556012 ∙ (last visited 2022-09-08)
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