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This page acts as a starting point to discover the used theories and technical details behind the [[Water Module]]. The [[Water Module]] in the {{software}} is an implementation of a 2D grid based shallow water model based on the 2D Saint Venant equations (see [[Water_Module_Basics|Water Module Basics]]).
{{Water Module buttons}}


The following topics are described on this page:
The following topics are described on this page:
* Calculation modules
* {{inlink|Introduction to the Water Module Theory}}
* Theories and formula's
* [[#Calculation Models|Calculation modules]] {{inlink|Calculation Models}}
* Computational structure and sequences
* [[#Formulas|Theories and formulas ]]
* [[#Calculation related information|Computational structure and sequences]]
* [[Water Model Limits]] (some basic rules)


===Calculation Models===
===Introduction to the Water Module Theory ===
The Water Module performs a large number of calculations to form a complete hydrological simulation. Depending on the desired viewpoint, both the overarching concepts as well as the implemented formulas can be reviewed for detailed insight into how the water overlay works.


Multiple models are implemented which in conjunction form the water model in its entirety.
The [[Water Module]] in the {{software}} is an implementation of a 2D grid-based shallow water model, based on the 2D Saint Venant equations (see [[Surface model (Water Overlay)|Surface Model]]). The module is further enhanced with infiltration, evaporation, groundwater flow and hydraulic structures.


* [[Surface_model_(Water_Overlay)|Surface model]]
To perform the calculations, the project area is first rasterized into a [[Grid overlay|large grid of cells]]. Each cell has a specific quantity of water and specific hydrological parameters based on the data in the project. The total time which should be simulated is divided into discrete [[Timestep formula (Water Overlay)|timesteps]]. Per timestep, each cell communicates with its adjacent cells to exchange water, based on it's water level, surface height, current flow direction and other factors. Accuracy and reliability are obtained by dividing the project area and simulation time into sufficiently small cells and steps, at the cost of more computation time. Take a look at the [[Testbed_water_module|testbed water module]] project, available in all domains, to see some of the components of the [[Water Module]] in a project.
* [[Underground_model_(Water_Overlay)|Underground model]]
* [[Rain_model_(Water_Overlay)|Rain model]]
* [[Evaporation model (Water Overlay)|Evaporation model]]
* [[Sewer_model_(Water_Overlay)|Sewer model]]
* [[Storage_model_(Water_Overlay)| Storage model]]
* [[Substance_flow_model_(Water_Overlay)|Substance flow model]]
* [[Border_model_(Water_Overlay)|Border model]]


====Model connections====
The Water Module enables users to implement a water model for their project. To ensure accuracy, the Water Module is repeatedly tested against multiple (internationally) acknowledged hydrological [[Water module benchmarks|benchmarks and tests]]. Fast results are achieved by executing the water calculations on High-performance [[GPU]] Clusters.
To gain insight into how this Water Overlay ties together several models, see [[Model_connections_(Water_Overlay)|Model connections]].


====Formulas====
<gallery widths=500px heights=300px>
The precise calculations which govern the water overlay's simulation are many and varied, and based as much as possible on available expert knowledge.
File:Water_module_layers.jpeg|Supported layers in rain, flooding and ground water calculations.
File:Water_module_flows.jpeg|Supported flows between the layers in rain, flooding and ground water calculations.
</gallery>


Model related Formula's:
===Calculation Models===
* [[Surface_water_level_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Surface water level formula]]
The Water Module performs a large number of calculations to form a complete hydrological simulation. Depending on the desired viewpoint, both the overarching concepts as well as the implemented formulas can be reviewed for detailed insight into how the water overlay works.
* [[Groundwater_level_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Groundwater level formula]]
 
* [[Surface_flow_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Surface flow formula]]
Multiple models are implemented which in conjunction form the water model in its entirety.
* [[Underground_flow_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Underground flow formula]]
<div style="column-count:2">
* [[Surface_evaporation_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Surface evaporation formula]]
* [[Surface model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Underground_evaporation_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Underground evaporation formula]]
* [[Ground model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Surface_infiltration_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Surface infiltration formula]]
* [[Elevation model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Underground_infiltration_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Underground infiltration formula]]
* [[Rain model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Infiltration model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Evapotranspiration model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Storage model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Sewer model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Tracer flow model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Border model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Breach model (Water Overlay)]]
</div>


Hydraulic structure related Formula's:
===Formulas===
* [[Culvert_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Culvert formula]]
The calculations governing the water overlay's simulation are based on established hydrological expert knowledge.
* [[Weir_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Weir formula]]
* [[Breach_growth_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Breach growth formula]]
* [[Breach_flow_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Breach flow formula]]
* [[Pump_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Pump formula]]
* [[Sewer_Overflow_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Sewer Overflow formula]]
* [[Inlet_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Inlet formula]]


Module related Formula's:
====Model flow formulas====
* [[Timestep_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Timestep formula]]
<div style="column-count:2">
* [[Calculation_preference_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Calculation preference formula]]
* [[Surface water level formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Surface flow formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Surface infiltration formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Surface evaporation formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Groundwater level formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Ground flow formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Ground infiltration formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Ground transpiration formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Ground bottom flow formula (Water Overlay)]]
</div>


===Computational structure and sequences===
====Hydraulic structure related formulas====
{{stub|type=section}}
<div style="column-count:2">
The formulas and concepts come together in a single computational structure which is repeated a large number of times until the total simulation duration has been reached.
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Culvert        }}
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Weir            }}
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Breach growth  }}
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Breach flow    }}
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Pump            }}
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Sewer Overflow  }}
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Inlet          }}
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Drainage        }}
</div>


====Order of operations====
====Module related formulas====
During the calculation, multiple facets have to be calculated. In each timestep, each aspect of the calculation has to be performed. Although as timesteps become smaller exact order of operation becomes less important, the order of operations can lead to specific behavioral details in some edge cases.
* [[Timestep formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Season formula (Water Overlay)]]


Calculations are performed in the following order:
====Calculation related information====
* Horizontal surface flow and horizontal underground flow
* [[Order of calculations (Water Overlay)|Order of calculations]]
* Rain
* Building storage
* Sewer inflow
* Surface evaporation
* Groundwater evaporation (saturated zone)
* Groundwater evaporation (unsaturated zone)
* Underground infiltration
* Surface infiltration
* Exfiltration
* Hydrological constructions (culverts, weirs, pumps, in- and outlets, outlets)
* Hydrological areas (sewer overflow, breach in- and outflow)
* Chemical movement, based on the water flow and infiltration which has occurred


{{Water Module buttons}}
{{WaterOverlay formula nav}}

Latest revision as of 08:21, 3 August 2026

Water Module
Tutorials
Overview
Theory
Benchmarks


The following topics are described on this page:

Introduction to the Water Module Theory

The Water Module in the Tygron Platform is an implementation of a 2D grid-based shallow water model, based on the 2D Saint Venant equations (see Surface Model). The module is further enhanced with infiltration, evaporation, groundwater flow and hydraulic structures.

To perform the calculations, the project area is first rasterized into a large grid of cells. Each cell has a specific quantity of water and specific hydrological parameters based on the data in the project. The total time which should be simulated is divided into discrete timesteps. Per timestep, each cell communicates with its adjacent cells to exchange water, based on it's water level, surface height, current flow direction and other factors. Accuracy and reliability are obtained by dividing the project area and simulation time into sufficiently small cells and steps, at the cost of more computation time. Take a look at the testbed water module project, available in all domains, to see some of the components of the Water Module in a project.

The Water Module enables users to implement a water model for their project. To ensure accuracy, the Water Module is repeatedly tested against multiple (internationally) acknowledged hydrological benchmarks and tests. Fast results are achieved by executing the water calculations on High-performance GPU Clusters.

  • Supported layers in rain, flooding and ground water calculations.
    Supported layers in rain, flooding and ground water calculations.
  • Supported flows between the layers in rain, flooding and ground water calculations.
    Supported flows between the layers in rain, flooding and ground water calculations.

Calculation Models

The Water Module performs a large number of calculations to form a complete hydrological simulation. Depending on the desired viewpoint, both the overarching concepts as well as the implemented formulas can be reviewed for detailed insight into how the water overlay works.

Multiple models are implemented which in conjunction form the water model in its entirety.

Formulas

The calculations governing the water overlay's simulation are based on established hydrological expert knowledge.

Model flow formulas

Water Module
Water Module
Tutorials
Overview
Theory
Benchmarks
Models
Surface • Ground • Rain • Evapotranspiration • Infiltration • Elevation • Breach • Sewer • Storage • Tracer flow • Border • Order
Model formulas
Timestep • Season • Surface water level • Groundwater level
Flow formulas
Surface flow • Surface infiltration • Ground flow • Ground infiltration • Surface evaporation • Ground evaporation • Ground bottom flow
Hydraulic structure formulas
Culvert • Weir • Breach growth • Breach flow • Pump • Sewer Overflow • Inlet • Drainage
Related
Building attributes • Hydrological features • Hydraulic structures •  Terrain attributes • Model attributes • Prequels • Results • Simulation data
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