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Theory behind the Water Module.
{{Water Module buttons}}


The theory is subdivided into the following sections:
The following topics are described on this page:
* Calculation module[[File:Example.jpg]]s
* {{inlink|Introduction to the Water Module Theory}}
* Formula's
* [[#Calculation Models|Calculation modules]] {{inlink|Calculation Models}}
* Computational structure
* [[#Formulas|Theories and formulas ]]
* [[#Calculation related information|Computational structure and sequences]]
* [[Water Model Limits]] (some basic rules)


===Introduction to the Water Module Theory ===


===Calculation Models===
The [[Water Module]] in the {{software}} is an implementation of a 2D grid-based shallow water model, based on the 2D Saint Venant equations (see [[Surface model (Water Overlay)|Surface Model]]). The module is further enhanced with infiltration, evaporation, groundwater flow and hydraulic structures.
The water overlay performs a large number of calculations to form a complete hydrological simulation. Depending on the desired viewpoint, both the overarching concepts as well as the implemented formulas can be reviewed for detailed insight into how the water overlay works.


Multiple models are implemented which in conjunction form the water model in its entirety.
To perform the calculations, the project area is first rasterized into a [[Grid overlay|large grid of cells]]. Each cell has a specific quantity of water and specific hydrological parameters based on the data in the project. The total time which should be simulated is divided into discrete [[Timestep formula (Water Overlay)|timesteps]]. Per timestep, each cell communicates with its adjacent cells to exchange water, based on it's water level, surface height, current flow direction and other factors. Accuracy and reliability are obtained by dividing the project area and simulation time into sufficiently small cells and steps, at the cost of more computation time. Take a look at the [[Testbed_water_module|testbed water module]] project, available in all domains, to see some of the components of the [[Water Module]] in a project.


* [[Surface_model_(Water_Overlay)|Surface model]]
The Water Module enables users to implement a water model for their project. To ensure accuracy, the Water Module is repeatedly tested against multiple (internationally) acknowledged hydrological [[Water module benchmarks|benchmarks and tests]]. Fast results are achieved by executing the water calculations on High-performance [[GPU]] Clusters.
* [[Underground_model_(Water_Overlay)|Underground model]]
* [[Rain_model_(Water_Overlay)|Rain model]]
* [[Evaporation model (Water Overlay)|Evaporation model]]
* [[Sewer_model_(Water_Overlay)|Sewer model]]
* [[Storage_model_(Water_Overlay)| Storage model]]
* [[Chemical_flow_model_(Water_Overlay)|Chemical flow model]]
* [[Border_model_(Water_Overlay)|Border model]]


====Model connections====
<gallery widths=500px heights=300px>
To gain insight into how this Water Overlay ties together several models, see [[Model_connections_(Water_Overlay)|Model connections]].
File:Water_module_layers.jpeg|Supported layers in rain, flooding and ground water calculations.
File:Water_module_flows.jpeg|Supported flows between the layers in rain, flooding and ground water calculations.
</gallery>


====Formulas====
===Calculation Models===
The precise calculations which govern the water overlay's simulation are many and varied, and based as much as possible on available expert knowledge.
The Water Module performs a large number of calculations to form a complete hydrological simulation. Depending on the desired viewpoint, both the overarching concepts as well as the implemented formulas can be reviewed for detailed insight into how the water overlay works.
 
Multiple models are implemented which in conjunction form the water model in its entirety.
<div style="column-count:2">
* [[Surface model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Ground model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Elevation model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Rain model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Infiltration model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Evapotranspiration model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Storage model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Sewer model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Tracer flow model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Border model (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Breach model (Water Overlay)]]
</div>


Model related Formula's:
===Formulas===
* [[Timestep_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Timestep formula]]
The calculations governing the water overlay's simulation are based on established hydrological expert knowledge.
* [[Calculation_preference_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Calculation preference formula]]
* [[Surface_water_level_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Surface water level formula]]
* [[Groundwater_level_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Groundwater level formula]]
* [[Surface_flow_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Surface flow formula]]
* [[Underground_flow_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Underground flow formula]]
* [[Surface_evaporation_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Surface evaporation formula]]
* [[Underground_evaporation_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Underground evaporation formula]]
* [[Surface_infiltration_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Surface infiltration formula]]
* [[Underground_infiltration_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Underground infiltration formula]]


Hydraulic structure related Formula's:
====Model flow formulas====
* [[Culvert_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Culvert formula]]
<div style="column-count:2">
* [[Weir_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Weir formula]]
* [[Surface water level formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Breach_growth_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Breach growth formula]]
* [[Surface flow formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Breach_flow_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Breach flow formula]]
* [[Surface infiltration formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Pump_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Pump formula]]
* [[Surface evaporation formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Sewer_Overflow_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Sewer Overflow formula]]
* [[Groundwater level formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Inlet_formula_(Water_Overlay)|Inlet formula]]
* [[Ground flow formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Ground infiltration formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Ground transpiration formula (Water Overlay)]]
* [[Ground bottom flow formula (Water Overlay)]]
</div>


====Hydraulic structure related formulas====
<div style="column-count:2">
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Culvert        }}
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Weir            }}
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Breach growth  }}
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Breach flow    }}
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Pump            }}
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Sewer Overflow  }}
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Inlet          }}
* {{linkappend  |postd=&nbsp;formula  |post=&nbsp;formula (Water Overlay) | Drainage        }}
</div>


===Computational structure===
====Module related formulas====
{{stub|type=section}}
* [[Timestep formula (Water Overlay)]]
The formulas and concepts come together in a single computational structure which is repeated a large number of times until the total simulation duration has been reached.
* [[Season formula (Water Overlay)]]


====Order of operations====
====Calculation related information====
During the calculation, multiple facets have to be calculated. In each timestep, each aspect of the calculation has to be performed. Although as timesteps become smaller exact order of operation becomes less important, the order of operations can lead to specific behavioral details in some edge cases.
* [[Order of calculations (Water Overlay)|Order of calculations]]


Calculations are performed in the following order:
{{WaterOverlay formula nav}}
* Horizontal surface flow and horizontal underground flow
* Rain
* Building storage
* Sewer inflow
* Surface evaporation
* Groundwater evaporation (saturated zone)
* Groundwater evaporation (unsaturated zone)
* Underground infiltration
* Surface infiltration
* Exfiltration
* Hydrological constructions (culverts, weirs, pumps, in- and outlets, outlets)
* Hydrological areas (sewer overflow, breach in- and outflow)
* Chemical movement, based on the water flow and infiltration which has occurred

Latest revision as of 08:21, 3 August 2026

Water Module
Tutorials
Overview
Theory
Benchmarks


The following topics are described on this page:

Introduction to the Water Module Theory

The Water Module in the Tygron Platform is an implementation of a 2D grid-based shallow water model, based on the 2D Saint Venant equations (see Surface Model). The module is further enhanced with infiltration, evaporation, groundwater flow and hydraulic structures.

To perform the calculations, the project area is first rasterized into a large grid of cells. Each cell has a specific quantity of water and specific hydrological parameters based on the data in the project. The total time which should be simulated is divided into discrete timesteps. Per timestep, each cell communicates with its adjacent cells to exchange water, based on it's water level, surface height, current flow direction and other factors. Accuracy and reliability are obtained by dividing the project area and simulation time into sufficiently small cells and steps, at the cost of more computation time. Take a look at the testbed water module project, available in all domains, to see some of the components of the Water Module in a project.

The Water Module enables users to implement a water model for their project. To ensure accuracy, the Water Module is repeatedly tested against multiple (internationally) acknowledged hydrological benchmarks and tests. Fast results are achieved by executing the water calculations on High-performance GPU Clusters.

  • Supported layers in rain, flooding and ground water calculations.
    Supported layers in rain, flooding and ground water calculations.
  • Supported flows between the layers in rain, flooding and ground water calculations.
    Supported flows between the layers in rain, flooding and ground water calculations.

Calculation Models

The Water Module performs a large number of calculations to form a complete hydrological simulation. Depending on the desired viewpoint, both the overarching concepts as well as the implemented formulas can be reviewed for detailed insight into how the water overlay works.

Multiple models are implemented which in conjunction form the water model in its entirety.

Formulas

The calculations governing the water overlay's simulation are based on established hydrological expert knowledge.

Model flow formulas

Water Module
Water Module
Tutorials
Overview
Theory
Benchmarks
Models
Surface • Ground • Rain • Evapotranspiration • Infiltration • Elevation • Breach • Sewer • Storage • Tracer flow • Border • Order
Model formulas
Timestep • Season • Surface water level • Groundwater level
Flow formulas
Surface flow • Surface infiltration • Ground flow • Ground infiltration • Surface evaporation • Ground evaporation • Ground bottom flow
Hydraulic structure formulas
Culvert • Weir • Breach growth • Breach flow • Pump • Sewer Overflow • Inlet • Drainage
Related
Building attributes • Hydrological features • Hydraulic structures •  Terrain attributes • Model attributes • Prequels • Results • Simulation data
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