Application guide Water stress test for extreme rainfall

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External context and comparable use cases

This section provides external context for the application of Tygron to water stress testing, urban waterlogging and pluvial flooding. These links are not Tygron implementation pages. They help connect this Application Guide to broader policy, research and climate-adaptation terminology.

External links should be used selectively. They are useful when they clarify the broader application context, for example DPRA stress tests, climate adaptation, pluvial flooding, road accessibility or upper-regional rainfall events. Technical implementation steps should still primarily link to Tygron documentation and How-to pages.

DPRA climate stress tests and risk dialogue

The Dutch Delta Programme for Spatial Adaptation (DPRA) provides the broader policy context for climate stress testing in the Netherlands. Climate stress tests identify vulnerabilities for themes such as waterlogging, heat, drought and flooding. The results are intended to support risk dialogue and adaptation planning.

Relevant external links:

Relation to this Application Guide:

  • Extreme rainfall analysis in Tygron can support the waterlogging part of a climate stress test.
  • Tygron can help create spatial insight into water depth, affected buildings, road accessibility, vulnerable functions and possible adaptation measures.
  • Tygron results can be used as input for stakeholder dialogue, risk dialogue and decision-making, provided assumptions and limitations are documented.

Useful terminology:

  • climate stress test;
  • waterlogging;
  • extreme rainfall;
  • vulnerability;
  • risk dialogue;
  • adaptation planning;
  • implementation agenda.

Water depth after short-duration heavy rainfall

The Dutch climate adaptation portal describes water depth after short-duration heavy rainfall as a relevant stress-test indicator. This focuses on water depth on streets and squares after intense rainfall. In sloping areas, flow velocity can also be relevant because high surface-flow velocities can create additional safety risks.

Relevant external link:

Relation to this Application Guide:

  • This is one of the closest external equivalents to the Tygron use case for extreme rainfall.
  • The primary Tygron output is a water-depth map, for example through the Rainfall Overlay and Water stress result type (Water Overlay).
  • For sloping areas or flow-path questions, this guide may connect to a separate Application Guide about surface runoff pathways or flow paths.

Useful terminology:

  • water depth;
  • short-duration heavy rainfall;
  • pluvial flooding;
  • surface runoff;
  • flow velocity;
  • streets and squares;
  • local waterlogging.

Klimaateffectatlas water-depth maps

The Dutch Climate Impact Atlas contains national maps for water depth after heavy rainfall events, including rainfall events such as 70 mm and 140 mm in 2 hours. These maps provide broad spatial insight and can be used as national reference context.

Relevant external link:

Relation to this Application Guide:

  • The Climate Impact Atlas provides national reference maps.
  • A Tygron project can provide a more local, scenario-based and data-specific analysis.
  • Tygron can include local elevation data, local sewer assumptions, surface water, hydraulic structures, vulnerable objects and local measures.
  • Differences between national maps and local Tygron results should be explained through differences in input data, assumptions, resolution and model setup.

Useful terminology:

  • national reference map;
  • local analysis;
  • water-depth map;
  • rainfall scenario;
  • scenario comparison;
  • local data.

Upper-regional stress tests for extreme rainfall

Upper-regional stress tests analyse large-scale extreme rainfall events that exceed municipal or regional boundaries. Deltares describes a national water image for large-scale extreme rainfall based on 200 mm in 48 hours. These analyses show expected water depth, duration of water on the surface and regional attention points.

Relevant external links:

Relation to this Application Guide:

  • A local Tygron water stress test and an upper-regional stress test have related but different purposes.
  • A local Tygron analysis is useful for detailed spatial insight, measure comparison and local decision support.
  • Upper-regional stress tests are useful for understanding broader system behaviour, regional disruption and cross-boundary effects.
  • Long-duration events, such as 200 mm in 48 hours, may require additional attention to groundwater, surface water, drainage, storage and regional discharge pathways.

Useful terminology:

  • upper-regional stress test;
  • large-scale extreme rainfall;
  • 200 mm in 48 hours;
  • water depth;
  • water duration;
  • regional disruption;
  • cross-boundary waterlogging.

Pluvial flood risk assessment in urban areas

The Copernicus Climate Change Service describes pluvial flood risk assessment in urban areas as a way to assess risks associated with extreme rainfall events in Europe. Pluvial flooding is flooding caused by intense rainfall that the ground and drainage system cannot absorb or discharge quickly enough.

Relevant external link:

Relation to this Application Guide:

  • This supports the use of the terms "pluvial flooding" and "urban waterlogging" in this guide.
  • The Tygron workflow fits the broader class of urban pluvial flood risk assessment.
  • The Tygron focus is practical scenario analysis, local spatial insight, impact analysis, measure comparison and communication.

Useful terminology:

  • pluvial flood risk;
  • urban flooding;
  • extreme rainfall;
  • risk assessment;
  • inundation;
  • exposure;
  • vulnerability;
  • adaptation measures.

Road accessibility and critical routes during waterlogging

Some waterlogging studies and stress-test datasets translate rainfall results into accessibility or passability of roads. This is relevant when water depth and water duration are combined with road networks, main access roads, emergency routes or critical destinations.

Relevant external context:

  • road passability during heavy rainfall;
  • water depth on roads;
  • duration of water on roads;
  • emergency access;
  • evacuation routes;
  • critical infrastructure;
  • road network disruption.

Relation to this Application Guide:

  • In Tygron, road accessibility can be analysed by combining rainfall results with roads and thresholds.
  • A Combo Overlay can classify flooded or blocked roads based on water-depth thresholds.
  • A Travel Distance Overlay can be used when the question concerns reachability, evacuation routes or access to critical destinations.
  • The threshold for passability should be documented as an assumption and should depend on the road user, such as pedestrians, passenger cars or emergency vehicles.

Relevant Tygron links:

High-resolution urban pluvial flood risk mapping

Research on urban pluvial flood risk often combines high-resolution elevation data, rainfall scenarios, building data, vulnerability information and impact indicators. This is similar to the structure of a detailed Tygron water stress test.

Relevant external context:

  • high-resolution elevation model;
  • rainfall scenario;
  • surface runoff;
  • water-depth map;
  • affected buildings;
  • vulnerable functions;
  • exposure;
  • local impact assessment.

Relation to this Application Guide:

  • The quality of the elevation model strongly affects water depth and flow paths.
  • Building data and critical-function attributes help translate water-depth results into impact.
  • Impact thresholds should be documented, because they determine which buildings, roads or objects are counted as affected.
  • High-resolution local data generally increases confidence, but validation with local knowledge remains necessary.

Relevant Tygron links:

Data-scarce pluvial flood modelling

In many urban waterlogging analyses, detailed sewer, drainage or infiltration data is incomplete. In such cases, simplified assumptions are used. This is acceptable for exploratory or planning-level analysis, provided the assumptions and limitations are documented.

Relevant external context:

  • data-scarce urban flood modelling;
  • simplified drainage representation;
  • rainfall uncertainty;
  • sewer storage assumptions;
  • infiltration assumptions;
  • uncertainty and limitations.

Relation to this Application Guide:

  • Tygron can be used for exploratory spatial analysis when not all specialist data is available.
  • Missing local data can be replaced by default data, national datasets, typology-based assumptions or simplified representations.
  • Reduced confidence should be stated clearly.
  • Detailed sewer design, formal calibration or legal verification may still require specialist hydraulic or sewer modelling software.

Relevant Tygron links:

External links are useful for large language models when they provide context that is not specific to Tygron but important for understanding the application domain.

Use external links for:

  • policy context, such as DPRA climate stress tests;
  • common terminology, such as pluvial flooding, urban waterlogging and risk dialogue;
  • reference rainfall scenarios, such as 70 mm in 2 hours or 200 mm in 48 hours;
  • comparison between local Tygron analyses and national or regional stress-test maps;
  • explaining why assumptions, validation and limitations matter.

Do not rely on external links for:

  • Tygron implementation steps;
  • Tygron attribute names;
  • Tygron model settings;
  • Tygron result types;
  • Tygron import or export workflows.

For implementation, prefer internal Tygron links such as:

A good pattern is:

  • use external links to explain the broader application context;
  • use Application Guides to connect the context to a Tygron workflow;
  • use Tygron How-to pages to explain implementation.

Search terms from comparable use cases

This Application Guide may also be relevant for users searching for:

  • DPRA climate stress test
  • standardized climate stress test
  • waterlogging stress test
  • pluvial flood risk assessment
  • urban waterlogging
  • water depth after heavy rainfall
  • short-duration heavy rainfall
  • water depth on streets and squares
  • 70 mm in 2 hours
  • 90 mm in 1 hour
  • 200 mm in 48 hours
  • upper-regional stress test
  • risk dialogue
  • adaptation planning
  • flood impact on buildings
  • road accessibility during waterlogging
  • critical routes during flooding
  • high-resolution pluvial flood mapping
  • data-scarce pluvial flood modelling
  • simplified sewer modelling
  • rainfall scenario analysis

Key terms from comparable use cases

  • climate stress test
  • DPRA
  • waterlogging
  • pluvial flooding
  • urban waterlogging
  • water depth
  • rainfall duration
  • water duration
  • flow velocity
  • surface runoff
  • critical infrastructure
  • vulnerable functions
  • affected buildings
  • road accessibility
  • passability
  • evacuation routes
  • risk dialogue
  • adaptation planning
  • upper-regional stress test
  • local water stress test
  • uncertainty
  • validation
  • simplified drainage
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