Infiltration model (Water Overlay): Difference between revisions
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The [[Water Module]] supports two types of infiltration: infiltration from the surface to the unsaturated zone and infiltration from the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone. Additionally, exfiltration can also occur due to [[Underground_flow_formula_(Water_Overlay)|horizontal groundwater flow]]. | The [[Water Module]] supports two types of infiltration: infiltration from the surface to the unsaturated zone and infiltration from the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone. Additionally, exfiltration can also occur due to [[Underground_flow_formula_(Water_Overlay)|horizontal groundwater flow]]. | ||
==Infiltration== | |||
[[File:Infiltration_model.jpg]] | [[File:Infiltration_model.jpg]] | ||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
===Surface infiltration=== | |||
Surface water can infiltrate into the underground unsaturated layer. When it does, it infiltrates at a speed defined by the surface terrain's [[terrain ground infiltration md (Water Overlay)|GROUND_INFILTRATION_MD]] attribute, the underground terrain's [[terrain ground infiltration md (Water Overlay)|GROUND_INFILTRATION_MD]] attribute, or (if present) by the construction's [[Ground infiltration md (Water Overlay)|GROUND_INFILTRATION_MD]], whichever value is lowest. Thus, the least conductive layer will be the bottleneck, even if the other layers allow better infiltration. | Surface water can infiltrate into the underground unsaturated layer. When it does, it infiltrates at a speed defined by the surface terrain's [[terrain ground infiltration md (Water Overlay)|GROUND_INFILTRATION_MD]] attribute, the underground terrain's [[terrain ground infiltration md (Water Overlay)|GROUND_INFILTRATION_MD]] attribute, or (if present) by the construction's [[Ground infiltration md (Water Overlay)|GROUND_INFILTRATION_MD]], whichever value is lowest. Thus, the least conductive layer will be the bottleneck, even if the other layers allow better infiltration. | ||
Water infiltrating into the unsaturated layer is assumed to be spread equally across the entire unsaturated column within the grid cell. | Water infiltrating into the unsaturated layer is assumed to be spread equally across the entire unsaturated column within the grid cell. | ||
===Underground infiltration=== | |||
Water can flow further down into the saturated zone at a speed defined by the underground terrain's [[terrain ground infiltration md (Water Overlay)|GROUND_INFILTRATION_MD]] attribute. Based on the given timestep and infiltration speed, the distance the water can travel downwards is determined. This distance can be projected on this unsaturated zone as a subsection. The amount of water that flows from the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone is then equal to the amount of water in this subsection. After water has been added to the saturated zone, the groundwater level (and thus the height of the saturated zone) is redetermined. The water remaining in the unsaturated zone is redistributed uniformly across the (remaining) unsaturated zone. | Water can flow further down into the saturated zone at a speed defined by the underground terrain's [[terrain ground infiltration md (Water Overlay)|GROUND_INFILTRATION_MD]] attribute. Based on the given timestep and infiltration speed, the distance the water can travel downwards is determined. This distance can be projected on this unsaturated zone as a subsection. The amount of water that flows from the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone is then equal to the amount of water in this subsection. After water has been added to the saturated zone, the groundwater level (and thus the height of the saturated zone) is redetermined. The water remaining in the unsaturated zone is redistributed uniformly across the (remaining) unsaturated zone. | ||
==Exfiltration== | |||
Water stored in the underground saturated zone can also exfiltrate out of the underground and back onto the surface, if the groundwater table exceeds the [[elevation model (Water Overlay)|surface elevation]]. This situation can occur due to [[Underground_model_(Water_Overlay)|horizontal underground flow]]. Underground water flow into an adjacent cell is calculated, based on properties of the underground. Then, the groundwater table is adjusted accordingly, but may prove to exceed the [[terrain height (Water Overlay)|height of the surface]]. The excess is placed on the surface of that cell instead. | Water stored in the underground saturated zone can also exfiltrate out of the underground and back onto the surface, if the groundwater table exceeds the [[elevation model (Water Overlay)|surface elevation]]. This situation can occur due to [[Underground_model_(Water_Overlay)|horizontal underground flow]]. Underground water flow into an adjacent cell is calculated, based on properties of the underground. Then, the groundwater table is adjusted accordingly, but may prove to exceed the [[terrain height (Water Overlay)|height of the surface]]. The excess is placed on the surface of that cell instead. | ||
==Related formulas== | |||
* [[Groundwater level formula (Water Overlay)|Groundwater level formula]] | |||
* [[Underground flow formula (Water Overlay)|Underground flow formula]] | |||
* [[Surface infiltration formula (Water Overlay)|Surface infiltration formula]] | |||
* [[Underground infiltration formula (Water Overlay)|Underground infiltration formula]] | |||
==Related models== | |||
* [[Surface model (Water Overlay)|Surface model]] | |||
* [[underground model (Water Overlay)|Underground model]] | |||
* [[Substance flow model (Water Overlay)|Substance flow model]] | |||
{{Template:WaterOverlay_nav}} | {{Template:WaterOverlay_nav}} | ||
{{Water Module buttons}} | {{Water Module buttons}} | ||
Revision as of 13:27, 18 June 2019
The Water Module supports two types of infiltration: infiltration from the surface to the unsaturated zone and infiltration from the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone. Additionally, exfiltration can also occur due to horizontal groundwater flow.
Infiltration
Surface infiltration
Surface water can infiltrate into the underground unsaturated layer. When it does, it infiltrates at a speed defined by the surface terrain's GROUND_INFILTRATION_MD attribute, the underground terrain's GROUND_INFILTRATION_MD attribute, or (if present) by the construction's GROUND_INFILTRATION_MD, whichever value is lowest. Thus, the least conductive layer will be the bottleneck, even if the other layers allow better infiltration.
Water infiltrating into the unsaturated layer is assumed to be spread equally across the entire unsaturated column within the grid cell.
Underground infiltration
Water can flow further down into the saturated zone at a speed defined by the underground terrain's GROUND_INFILTRATION_MD attribute. Based on the given timestep and infiltration speed, the distance the water can travel downwards is determined. This distance can be projected on this unsaturated zone as a subsection. The amount of water that flows from the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone is then equal to the amount of water in this subsection. After water has been added to the saturated zone, the groundwater level (and thus the height of the saturated zone) is redetermined. The water remaining in the unsaturated zone is redistributed uniformly across the (remaining) unsaturated zone.
Exfiltration
Water stored in the underground saturated zone can also exfiltrate out of the underground and back onto the surface, if the groundwater table exceeds the surface elevation. This situation can occur due to horizontal underground flow. Underground water flow into an adjacent cell is calculated, based on properties of the underground. Then, the groundwater table is adjusted accordingly, but may prove to exceed the height of the surface. The excess is placed on the surface of that cell instead.
Related formulas
- Groundwater level formula
- Underground flow formula
- Surface infiltration formula
- Underground infiltration formula
Related models
