Sewer model (Water Overlay)

Sewers allow retention of excess (rain) water which would otherwise remain or flow on the surface.

Conceptually, sewers are defined as sewer areas. If no sewer areas are present in the project, the sewer layer will not be used in the Water Module.

Sewer areas define the areas in which the sewer system exist. The capacity of those sewers is based on the sewer area's SEWER_STORAGE attribute. The actual locations at which sewer pipes (conceptually) exist are the grid cells where sewered constructions are covered (intersected) by a sewer area. Consequently, the total surface area of the actual sewer is dependent on the grid cell size and the existence of sewered constructions.

The total sewer storage volume is determined by the sum of all grid cells marked as sewered, multiplied by the grid cell size and the SEWER_STORAGE.

Sewer influx

Water can flow into the sewer if the following conditions are met:

There is water on the surface of a grid cell
There is a sewered construction in the same grid cell
There is a sewer area (and thus, combined with a sewer construction, a sewer) in the same grid cell

Water can only flow in until the sewer is filled to its capacity. If, during the simulation, water is removed from the sewer, water is allowed to flow in again, until its capacity is again reached.

Water can only flow out of a sewer via a sewer overflow.

Sewer Overflow

Rain water can flow from a sewer back onto the surface via a Sewer overflow. The location of the sewer overflow marks the exit at which water flows out of the sewer. The (maximum) speed at which this water flows is determined by the SEWER_OVERFLOW_SPEED.

For sewer overflow to occur, two criteria have to be met. Firstly, the amount of water in the sewer relative to the sewer's storage capacity must exceed the SEWER_OVERFLOW_THRESHOLD. Secondly, the water level in the sewer must exceed the water level at the exit of the server overflow.

The SEWER_OVERFLOW_THRESHOLD should always be a fraction of the sewer's storage capacity.

The water level of the sewer is sum of the water height in the sewer and the height at which the sewer overflow is situated. This height is stored in the SEWER_OVERFLOW attribute of the sewer overflow construction. Conceptually, the height is the sewer is therefore directly related to the sewer overflow height.

External area

Sewer water can also be pumped to a region outside the project area. This is controlled through the sewer area's SEWER_PUMP_SPEED. Sewer water removed this way is removed from the hydrological model and cannot return back into the project area. The sewer pump speed cannot be negative; it is not allowed to pump water from outside the project area into the sewer.