Waterway level change benchmark (Water Module): Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 14:35, 15 July 2026

In this benchmark, the ground water table is initially the same as the water level in the waterway. Then, the level in the waterway suddenly rises with h0 meters. This causes water to infiltrate into the ground, slowly raising the ground water table as well.

Formulas

When the water level in the waterway changes, the water table level will also change over time. The relation between water level in the waterway and the ground water table at distance x from the waterway is described by the following formulas^[1]:

In case the water level is raised, the following formula should hold:

$\frac{h (x)}{h_{0}} = e r f c (x \sqrt{\frac{S}{4 k D t}})$

The formula erfc is the complementary error function.

In case the water level is lowered, the following formula should hold:

$\frac{h (x)}{h_{0}} = e r f (x \sqrt{\frac{S}{4 k D t}})$

$e r f (z) = \frac{2}{\sqrt{π}} \int_{0}^{z} e^{- t^{2}} d t$

$e r f c (z) = 1 - e r f (z)$

where:

h (x)

: change in phreatic groundwater table (m)

h 0

: change in water level in the waterway(m)

x

: distance to the waterway (m)

t

: time since the water level change

k D

: transmissivity of the aquifer (m2 / day)

S

: phreatic water storage fraction.

This graph shows the relative change in the ground water level after 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100 en 121 days, calculated using the mentioned formulas.

Setup

The test setup uses the same parameters used in the research results published in literature^[2]. The grid chosen is 112 by 5. The ground water table comparisons will be conducted in the x-direction. The grid cell size is set to 25 meters.

The terrain height is set up as follows:

0.0 m for x <= 2

3.0 m for x == 3

10.0 m for x > 3

The initial water level is set to 2, for both surface and the groundwater table, by using a water area set to 2 meters.

The water will be raised to 4 meters, thereby simulating an $h 0$ of 2.

An inlet at x=1, y=1-3 creates a sudden stable water level increase:

UPPER_THRESHOLD set to 4.

LOWER_THRESHOLD set to 4.

Inlet Q set to 0, such that is unlimited.

This ensures that the water level is instantly raised to level 4 and that it remains at 4 at all times.

The ground is setup with: Water storage fraction set to 0.25.

An aquifer is added for the region as well, initialized with the Aquifer KD set to 700 m2/day.

For the test different simulation times T are tested, each resulting in a different relation graph as shown in the described case above.

Use a ground water overlay and set the Weather's rain M parameter to [T, 0.0] for a rainless simulation of T seconds. Note that T has to be converted to days to be used in the formula's described above.

The surface water simulation mode is set to surface averaging.

Results

The results are generated for four simulation periods: 16 days, 64 days, 81 days and 121 days. The value h is the groundwater level increase (m), where the waterway rose from 2 to 4 meters. The dx is the distance in meters to the waterway. As shown below, the lines align well.

16 Days

64 Days

81 Days

121 Days

API Endpoints

References

↑ Quantitative Hydrogeology. Groundwater Hydrology for Engineers. Academic Press ∙ Marsily, Ghislain de, 1986. ∙ Page(s): 199 (originally in french)
↑ Verhoging van grondwaterstanden en vermindering van afvoer door opstuwing van beken. Overdruk uit Verslagen Technische Bijeenkomsten 11-12. Versl. Meded. Comm. Hydrol. Onderz. T.N.O. No. 3 (1958) ∙ Ernst, L.F. 1958

Water Module

Tutorials

Overview

Theory

Benchmarks

[ref-Marsily86-1] Quantitative Hydrogeology. Groundwater Hydrology for Engineers. Academic Press ∙ Marsily, Ghislain de, 1986. ∙ Page(s): 199 (originally in french)

[ref-Ernst58-2] Verhoging van grondwaterstanden en vermindering van afvoer door opstuwing van beken. Overdruk uit Verslagen Technische Bijeenkomsten 11-12. Versl. Meded. Comm. Hydrol. Onderz. T.N.O. No. 3 (1958) ∙ Ernst, L.F. 1958

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Initially, the ground water table is the same as the water level in the waterway. Suddenly the level in the waterway rises with h0 meters. This causes water to infiltrate into the ground, raising the ground water table.
+In this [[Water Module benchmarks|benchmark]], the ground water table is initially the same as the water level in the waterway. Then, the level in the waterway suddenly rises with h0 meters. This causes water to infiltrate into the ground, slowly raising the ground water table as well.
 [[File:water_level_change_benchmark.gif|Situation of the waterway level change benchmark for groundwater]]
 ===Formulas===
-When the water level in the water way changes, the water table level will also change over time. The relation between water level in the waterway and the ground water table at distance x from the water way is described by the following formulas:
+When the water level in the waterway changes, the water table level will also change over time. The relation between water level in the waterway and the ground water table at distance x from the waterway is described by the following formulas{{ref|Marsily86}}:
-In case teh water level is raised, the following formula should hold:
+In case the water level is raised, the following formula should hold:
 <math> \frac{h(x)}{h_0} = erfc (x\sqrt{\frac{S}{4kDt}})</math>
+The formula erfc is the complementary error function.
 In case the water level is lowered, the following formula should hold:
 <math> \frac{h(x)}{h_0} = erf (x\sqrt{\frac{S}{4kDt}})</math>
-The formula erf is the complementary error function.
 <math> erf(z) = \frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}}\int\limits_{0}^{z}e^{-t^2}dt</math>
@@ Line 20: / Line 21: @@
 where:
-: <math>h(x)</math>: change in freatic groundwater table (m)
+: <math>h(x)</math>: change in phreatic groundwater table (m)
 : <math>h0</math>: change in water level in the waterway(m)
-: <math>x</math>: distance to the water way (m)
+: <math>x</math>: distance to the waterway (m)
 : <math>t</math>: time since the water level change
 : <math>kD</math>: transmissivity of the aquifer (m2 / day)
-: <math>S</math>: freatic water storage fraction.
+: <math>S</math>: phreatic water storage fraction.
-[[File:graph_waterlevel_change_percentual_over_distance.png|The expected values are visualized in this graph]]
+[[File:graph_waterlevel_change_percentual_over_distance.png|frame|left| This graph shows the relative change in the ground water level after 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100 en 121 days, calculated using the mentioned formulas.]]
+<br style="clear:both">
 ===Setup===
+The test setup uses the same parameters used in the research results published in literature{{ref|Ernst58}}.
+The grid chosen is 112 by 5. The ground water table comparisons will be conducted in the x-direction.
+The grid cell size is set to 25 meters.
-Inlets, each on one cell, each with:
-:[[Inlet_upper_threshold_(Water_Overlay)|UPPER_THRESHOLD]] set to X.
+The terrain height is set up as follows:
-:[[Inlet_lower_threshold_(Water_Overlay)|LOWER_THRESHOLD]] set to X.
+: 0.0 m for x <= 2
+: 3.0 m for x == 3
+: 10.0 m for x > 3
+The initial water level is set to 2, for both surface and the groundwater table, by using a water area set to 2 meters.
+The water will be raised to 4 meters, thereby simulating an <math>h0</math> of 2.
+An inlet at x=1, y=1-3 creates a sudden stable water level increase:
+:[[Inlet_upper_threshold_(Water_Overlay)|UPPER_THRESHOLD]] set to 4.
+:[[Inlet_lower_threshold_(Water_Overlay)|LOWER_THRESHOLD]] set to 4.
 :[[Inlet q (Water Overlay)|Inlet Q]] set to 0, such that is unlimited.
-This ensures that the water level is instantly raised to level X and that it remains at X at all times.
+This ensures that the water level is instantly raised to level 4 and that it remains at 4 at all times.
 The ground is setup with:
-[[Terrain_water_storage_percentage_(Water_Overlay)|Water storage fraction]] set to <math>f_s</math>.
+[[Terrain_water_storage_percentage_(Water_Overlay)|Water storage fraction]] set to 0.25.
+An aquifer is added for the region as well, initialized with the [[Aquifer_kd_(Water Overlay)|Aquifer KD]] set to 700 m2/day.
+For the test different simulation times T are tested, each resulting in a different relation graph as shown in the described case above.
+Use a ground water overlay and set the [[Weather_rain_m_(Water_Overlay)|Weather's rain M]] parameter to [T, 0.0] for a rainless simulation of T seconds. Note that T has to be converted to days to be used in the formula's described above.
+The surface water simulation mode is set to [[Surface water (Water Overlay)|surface averaging]].
+===Results===
+The results are generated for four simulation periods: 16 days, 64 days, 81 days and 121 days. The value ''h'' is the groundwater level increase (m), where the waterway rose from 2 to 4 meters. The ''dx'' is the distance in meters to the waterway.
+As shown below, the lines align well.
+====16 Days====
+[[File:waterway_classic_16.png]]
+====64 Days====
+[[File:waterway_classic_64.png]]
+====81 Days====
+[[File:waterway_classic_81.png]]
+====121 Days====
+[[File:waterway_classic_121.png]]
-An aquifer is added for the region as well, initialized with the [[Aquifer_kd_(Water Overlay)|Aquifer KD]] set to kD.
+{{article end
+|references=
+<references>
+{{ref|Ernst58
+  |name=Verhoging van grondwaterstanden en vermindering van afvoer door opstuwing van beken. Overdruk uit Verslagen Technische Bijeenkomsten 11-12. Versl. Meded. Comm. Hydrol. Onderz. T.N.O. No. 3 (1958)
+  |author=Ernst, L.F. 1958
+  |page=
+  |source=
+  |link=
+  |lastvisit=
+}}
+{{ref|Marsily86
+  |name=Quantitative Hydrogeology. Groundwater Hydrology for Engineers. Academic Press
+  |author=Marsily, Ghislain de, 1986.
+  |page=199 (originally in french)
+  |source=
+  |link=
+  |lastvisit=
+}}
+</references>
+|api=*[[Api session event editor overlay add]]
+*[[Api session event editor overlay set water weather]]
+*[[Api session event editor overlay set attribute]]
+*[[Api session event editor area set attribute]]
+*[[Api session event editor building set attribute]]
+*[[Api session event editor terraintype set attribute]]
+*[[Api session event editor weather set attribute]]
+}}
+{{Water Module buttons}}

Waterway level change benchmark (Water Module): Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 14:35, 15 July 2026

Contents

Formulas

Setup

Results

16 Days

64 Days

81 Days

121 Days

API Endpoints

References

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Waterway level change benchmark (Water Module): Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 14:35, 15 July 2026

Formulas

Setup

Results

16 Days

64 Days

81 Days

121 Days

API Endpoints

References

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