Health (Indicator)

General

What is the Health indicator?

The Health indicator on the Tygron Platform is an indicator that calculates the effect of the green space on the health of the citizens living in a specific neighborhood and the value of the health effect that green in the selected neighborhoods has on nearby residences. This indicator is a simplified version of an RIVM calculation model.

Indicator panel

The health indicator

The indicator panel shows the following information:

• The name of the neighborhood
• The effect of green in that neighborhood in the current situation
• The effect of green in that neighborhood in the future (planned) situation
• The value of green in that neighborhood in the current situation
• The value of green in that neighborhood in in neighborhood in the future (planned) situation
• The effect of green (in DALY) for the whole project area

Calculation

The calculations used in this indicator are based on the RIVM calculations on urban green and health effects, Remme, R. (RIVM), De Nijs, T. (RIVM), & Paulin, M. (RIVM). (2017).

a. Effect of green on the health of residents in a selected area:

𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒏 = 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒏_𝟏𝒌𝒎 + 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒏_𝟑𝒌𝒎

𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝟏𝒌𝒎 = 𝑮𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒏_𝟏𝒌𝒎 × 𝑮𝑹𝑬𝑬𝑵_𝑯𝑬𝑨𝑳𝑻𝑯_𝑬𝑭𝑭𝑬𝑪𝑻_𝟏𝑲𝑴

𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝟑𝒌𝒎 = 𝑮𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒏_𝟑𝒌𝒎 × 𝑮𝑹𝑬𝑬𝑵_𝑯𝑬𝑨𝑳𝑻𝑯_𝑬𝑭𝑭𝑬𝑪𝑻_𝟑𝑲𝑴

Where the variables are:

• HealthEffectgreen : is the effect of green on the health of residents in a selected area.
• HealthEffect green 1km : is the effect of green on the health of residents in a selected area with a buffer of 1km.
• HealthEffect green 3km : is the effect of green on the health of residents in a selected area with a buffer of 3km.
• Green1km  : amount of green per resident in a buffer of 1km
• Green3km : amount of green per resident in a buffer of 3km
• GREEN_HEALTH_EFFECT_1KM: global variable that indicates the green effect
• GREEN_HEALTH_EFFECT_3KM: global variable that indicates the green effect

b. Monetary value of the health effect that green has on nearby residences in the selected area:

𝑴𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒚𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝑮𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒚 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 = 𝑴𝑶𝑵𝑬𝑻𝑨𝑹𝒀_𝑽𝑨𝑳𝑼𝑬_𝑫𝑨𝑳𝒀 × 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒚 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔

𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒚 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 = 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒚 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔_𝟏𝒌𝒎 + 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒚 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔_𝟑𝒌𝒎

𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒚 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝟏𝒌𝒎 = (𝑮𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆_𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 × 𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚𝟏𝒌𝒎 × 𝑮𝑹𝑬𝑬𝑵_𝑯𝑬𝑨𝑳𝑻𝑯_𝑬𝑭𝑭𝑬𝑪𝑻_𝟏𝑲𝑴) / 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂𝑺𝒊𝒛𝒆𝟏𝒌𝒎

𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒚 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝟑𝒌𝒎 = (𝑮𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆_𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 × 𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚𝟑𝒌𝒎 × 𝑮𝑹𝑬𝑬𝑵_𝑯𝑬𝑨𝑳𝑻𝑯_𝑬𝑭𝑭𝑬𝑪𝑻_𝟑𝑲𝑴) / 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂𝑺𝒊𝒛𝒆𝟑𝒌𝒎

Where the variables are:

• MonetaryValueGreen nearby residents : is the monetary value of the health effect that green has on nearby residences in the selected areas
• MONETARY_VALUE_DALY: is a global variable that variable indicates the disability-adjusted life years monetary value
• HealthEffect nearby residents: is the health effect that green in selected areas has on nearby residences
• HealthEffect nearby residents 1km : is the green health effect on nearby residences in a buffer of 1km of the selected area
• HealthEffect nearby residents 3km : is the green health effect on nearby residences in a buffer of 3km of the selected area
• Greencore area: is the green effect in the core area
• PopulationDensity1km: is the number of residents in a buffer of 1km
• PopulationDensity3km: is the number of residents in a buffer of 3km
• AreaSize1km: is the size of the area (m^2) in a buffer of 1km
• AreaSize3km: is the size of the area (m^2) in a buffer of 3km
• GREEN_HEALTH_EFFECT_1KM: is a global variable that indicates the green effect
• GREEN_HEALTH_EFFECT_3KM: is a global variable that indicates the green effect

Score

The score is based on the amount of DALY( Disability-assisted life years) realized in the project area due to present green spaces. The additional life years are also assumed to have a monetary value because they help with savings in the healthcare. The effect of green on the health of the citizens in the project area is visible as the score of the indicator. For each neighborhood the effect of green on the health of the citizens in that neighborhood is determined and an average of all results is calculated for the final score.

Additional configurations

A set of areas need to be loaded based on the neighborhoods in the project area. The project space is split into three different areas: the core area, the 1km buffer area (a set of areas that should represent the neighborhoods that are buffered with a radius of 1km) and the 3km buffer area (a set of areas that should represent the neighborhoods that are buffered with a radius of 3km).

Add the Attribute

The areas should have the attribute CELL_ID, which has a value of the ID of the neighborhood it was based on.

The indicator also uses the attribute GREEN_M2. This attribute indicates the green space per m2 in a specific area. The functions that use this attribute can be found in the Function Values table by selecting Indicators -> Function Values and selecting Environment in the group filter. The GREEN_M2 attribute can be modified for each function separately according to the needs of the project.

Health (Indicator):

1. Select Geo data and then Neighborhoods in the ribbon header
2. Select the Neighborhood where you want to build in the left panel
3. In the right panel, go to the tab Attributes.
4. Scroll down to the bottom and enter the desired Attribute name with the according value.
5. Click on Save new attribute. The attribute is now added to the the other attributes.

Add the Global

The indicator works with several global variables. This can be done by selecting Indicators -> Globals -> Add Global. The following global variables need to be added manually to the project:

• Global: RESIDENT_PER_HOUSE: This global variable indicates the number of residents in a house per selected project area. The recommended value for this variable is 3 residents per house.
• Global: GREEN_HEALTH_EFFECT_1KM: This global variable indicates the effect that green (public green space, park, garden, public square, etc..) has on the health of the citizens with a DALY value for green in a radius of 1km. The recommended value for this variable is 0.000246 according to Hoeymans et al. (2007); Maas et al. (2008).
• Global: GREEN_HEALTH_EFFECT_3KM: This global variable indicates the effect that green (public green space, park, garden, public square, etc..) has on the health of the citizens with a DALY value for green in a radius of 3km. The recommended value for this variable is 0.000078 according to Hoeymans et al. (2007); Maas et al. (2008).
• Global: MONETARY_VALUE_DALY: This global variable indicates the disability-adjusted life years monetary value. The recommended value for this variable is 87000 according to Stassen et al. (2007).
• Global: INDICATOR_START_VALUE: This global variable indicates the start value of that should be attributed to the initial situation. The recommended value for this variable is 0.5. With this initial value, the target needs to double the amount of particulate matter.

Note that this is only an example of the values that can be entered for each of the global variables. These values can be modified and changes according to the needs of the project.

Health (Indicator):

1. Select Indicators and then Globals in the ribbon header
2. Click on the add button in the bottom left corner. A new global named VARIABLE will be added to the left panel.
3. Select the global VARIABLE.
4. In the right panel, change VARIABLE to the name of the new global.
5. Change the start value to the according value of the global variable.
6. Click on the tab Indicators and the button Indicators and choose for Reset to Start values (faster) to update your project.