Spatial plan and Groundwater Overlay: Difference between pages

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{{learned|what a spatial plan is|what the requirements are for imserting a spatial plan|how to insert a spatial plan into the {{software}}}}


==What is a spatial plan==
The groundwater overlay is an implementation of the [[Water model]] optimized for calculating the flow of underground watertables. This implementation focuses on water flowing at a low speed, and on the functioning of the water system without calamitous events such as [[Water model#Breach|breaches]].
A spatial plan is a design of an area with focus on the landscape, environment, routing, the interaction between public and private space, buildings forms, materialization and more.
This design can be made for an urban area as part of an urban planning project or for a more rural area for a landscape design or land art project.
Spatial plans are created by urban designers or landscape architects and can have different scales and therefore different level of detail.


==Requirements on a spatial plan==
==Use cases==
The {{software}} can be used for importing spatial plans in the {{software}} to evaluate certain design measures in a plan, for example if the parking standard is feasible. Depending on the use case of importing the spatial plan, there are some things to be taken into account:  
The groundwater overlay can be used and is recommended when exploring the following use-cases:
* If the purpose is to create a 3D model of a 2D- drawing, remember that the level of detail in the {{software}} is not so high. Therefore, if the plan is very detailed, the design might not be distinguishable in the {{software}}.
* Modeling a static, low-speed water system
* If the purpose is creating a visualization of the plan, sometimes it may be better to use placeholders for buildings, to emphasize the design phase in the project.
* Modeling the long-term effects of excessive rain or excessive drought on the water table
* Modeling the spread of chemicals through the underground, carried along by water


Most of the spatial plans on a smaller scale are being drawn in a CAD program such as AutoCAD (AutoCAD Map 3D, AutoCAD Architecture) or MicroStation. Therefore, below are some steps provided to convert a plan from a CAD file to a [[GeoJSON]] for importing the plan to the {{software}}.
==Preparing to use the overlay==
In principle every spatial plan can be imported, as long as the original format of the drawing can be converted to a [[GeoJSON]].
To use the overlay, it is recommended that the project meets a number of prerequisites. Next, data can be prepared which define the functioning and flow of the water model. This includes a clear idea of what kind out output is desired. After that data is prepared, you can begin the actual steps of adding the overlay.


There are some requirements on a the spatial plan before converting it to a [[GeoJSON]] file.
It is important to model a fully functional static water system for any relevant use of the groundwater overlay. After setting up the static water model, additional effects can be modeled to account for special circumstances. This has the added benefit of creating a control-state, to which results of modifications or calamities can be compared.
* Closed objects: CAD files are line drawings, while the {{software}} can only import polygons. Therefore, in your CAD file, make closed objects to be able to convert them to polygons later.
* Coordinate system: Choose a coordinate reference system for your drawing and draw and scale the plan on the right location on the planet. The most used coordinate system in the Netherlands is Amersfoort/RD New (EPSG:28992). Without a correct location, the drawing could be anywhere on the planet and not possible to import in any spatial software on the right location.
* Layer naming: In a CAD program you draw in one or more layers. Try to draw the different types of objects each in a new layer and give the layer the correct name for the object. For example: offices are drawn in the layer offices, while student houses are drawn in the layer student houses. This will help you with knowing what each object was while converting and later on to import the data correctly in the {{software}}.


==How to insert a spatial plan into the {{software}}==
===Prerequisites===
When creating your [[project]], make sure it meets the following [[Water model#Usage|criteria]]:
* Your project has been loaded in with a high-resolution DEM. This can be configured during the [[new project wizard]].
* Your project is large enough to account for edge effects. A buffer of at least 1km around your actual project area is recommended.
* The project's eventual use. The calculations will take longer than most other calculations in the {{software}}, so sessions with live interaction are discouraged.


===From CAD-file to GeoJSON===
===Data===
{{editor steps|title=Insert a spatial plan into the {{software}}|Save the CAD file (.dwg) in AutoCAD/MicroStation as a .dxf or if you use AutoCAD Map 3D save the file as a Shapefile (.shp)|Open the .dxf or .shp in a GIS, for example in QGIS|Choose the right coordinate reference system (CRS) when QGIS prompts for a CRS|Save the layer as a [[GeoJSON#Saving|GeoJSON]]|Import the file with the [[Geo Data Wizard]] }}
Before creating and configuring the overlay, it is best to prepare the data you wish to use in your model.


The first step is to convert the CAD drawing to polygons and saving this file as a Shapefile (.shp). This can be done in AutoCAD Map 3D, if you have another CAD program or if this is not possible, save the CAD file instead as a .dxf file.
====Geographical data====
The following data needs to be prepared, so that it can be loaded in and used by the water model's calculations:
{{OverlayChecklist|table=true}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Water areas|link=Water model#Water_area|
  importance=Required for proper water levels|
  description=Water areas set the water level of all open water in the area they envelop.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Ground water|link=Water model#Groundwater_geotiff|
  importance=Required for proper water levels|
  description=The ground water geotiff sets the underground water level.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Weirs|link=Water model#Weir|
  importance=Required for proper water flow|
  description=Weirs connect otherwise separate sections of open water, allowing water to flow over the weir.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Culverts|link=Water model#Culvert|
  importance=Required for proper water flow|
  description=Culverts connect otherwise separate sections of open water, allowing water to flow through the culvert.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Pumps|link=Water model#Pump|
  importance=Required for proper water flow|
  description=Pumps connect otherwise separate sections of open water, moving water unidirectionally from the lower terrain level to the higher terrain level.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Inlets|link=Water model#Inlet|
  importance=Required for proper water flow into and out of the project area|
  description=Inlets are points in the water model where water is added or removed from the hydrological system.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Sewer areas|link=Water model#Sewer|
  importance=Recommended for proper water levels|
  description=Sewer areas intersect with [[sewered]] [[constructions]] in the area they envelop to form sewers which can store water.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Sewer overflows|link=Water model#Sewer_overflow|
  importance=Recommended for proper water flow|
  description=Sewer overflows allow water to flow from a sewer out into open water.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Chemical producers|link=Water model#Chemical_hotspots|
  importance=Required for modelling chemical flows|
  description=Chemical producers create some quantity of chloride, phosphorus, or nitrogen.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|table-end=true}}


[[File:Specify_layer.JPG|thumb|400px|right|Choose a coordinate reference system in QGIS]]
====Calculation properties====
Now the .dxf or .shp file can be opened in a GIS (Geographical Information System). In this example QGIS is used. The .dxf/.shp file can be opened by dragging the file in QGIS.
Consider the duration you want your simulation to last, and whether you wish to account for rainfall in your model. The following environmental data needs to be prepared, so that it can be configured and used by the water model's calculations:
QGIS prompt to choose a Coordinate Reference System (CRS). Choose the coordinate system that is being used for the spatial plan. In the Netherlands, this is probably always Amersfoort/RD New (EPSG:28992).
{{OverlayChecklist|table=true}}
[[File:Layers.JPG|thumb|400px|right|Layer panel in QGIS]]
{{OverlayChecklist|Simulation time|link=Water model#Simulation_time|
If you have a .dxf file, QGIS asks which layers you want to open. Choose Select All en click Ok.
  importance=Required|
There are then four layers added to QGIS:
  description=How long should the simulation last in total. Groundwater calculations often look at timespans of weeks or months.}}
* a Point layer, which consists of the text elements
{{OverlayChecklist|Timeframes|link=Water model#Timeframes|
* a LineString layer which contains the layers in the CAD file
  importance=Recommended|
* a Polygon layer, which contains the hatches in the CAD file
  description=How many result snapshots should be generated by the calculation, for inspection after the calculation completes.}}
* a GeometryCollection layer, which contains the references for symbols used in the CAD drawing
{{OverlayChecklist|Rain|link=Water model#Weather|
  importance=Optional|
  description=How long should rain last at the start of the simulation, and how much rain should fall in total.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|table-end=true}}


The layer you probably need is the line layer. This layer can be [[GeoJSON#Saving|saved as a GeoJSON]].
====Result types====
If you opened a .shp file in QGIS, save the layer also [[GeoJSON#Saving|as a GeoJSON]].
After the calculation completes, consider what kind of output is relevant to your use-case. The following [[Water model#Result_types|result types]] can be considered, so that it can be configured and used by the water model's calculations:
The file is then ready to be imported in the {{software}} with the [[Geo Data Wizard]].
{{OverlayChecklist|table=true}}
{{OverlayChecklist|SURFACE_LAST_VALUE|link=Water model#Result_types|
  importance=Required for insight into amount of water|
  description=The amount of water in any given location.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|UNDERGROUND_LAST_VALUE|link=Water model#Result_types|
  importance=Required for insight into amount of water|
  description=The groundwater level rise in any given location.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|SURFACE_FLOW|link=Water model#Result_types|
  importance=Recommended for insight into movement of water|
  description=The flow of water across the land and water in total.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|EVAPORATED|link=Water model#Result_types|
  importance=Recommended for insight into water leaving the system|
  description=The amount of water which evaporated in total.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|UNDERGROUND_WATERTABLE|link=Water model#Result_types|
  importance=Optional for insight into groundwater|
  description=The groundwater level in any given location, relative to NAP.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|CHLORIDE, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS|link=Water model#Result_types|
  importance=Required for insight into chemical flow and impact|
  description=The amount of certain compounds present in any location.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|table-end=true}}


===Import the GeoJSON in the {{software}}===
==Adding and configuring the overlay==
Depending on the use case of the spatial plan in your project, it might be usefull to import the spatial plan as a [[Measures|measure]].
{{Editor ribbon|header=current situation|bar=Overlays|dropdown=Groundwater overlay}}
By doing so, it is possible to carry out the constructing of the plan as one [[Action]], instead of multiple actions. This will also allow the user to compare the current situation of the area with the new situation, after the spatial plan is built.
To import the spatial plan as a [[Measures|measure]], open the [[Geo Data Wizard]] and choose import as a measure. After completing the wizard, the newly created [[Measures|measure]] can be found in the [[Measures#Editing_general_measure_properties|measure left panel]].


It is also possible to import the spatial plan directly into the 3D world, where the current [[Constructions|constructions]] will be overwritten with the new objects from the spatial plan. This will allow the user to see the effects of the new plan directly on the [[Indicators]] and [[Overlays]], but it is not possible to compare it with the original situation of how it was before the plan was built. Also, when this option is chosen and the new plan is built, it is not possible to go back to the original situation. It might be helpfull to save the project as a new version before trying this option. To import the plan directly, open the [[Geo Data Wizard]] and choose for importing as Buildings. After completing the wizard, the plan is directly build.
{{Editor steps|title=use the groundwater overlay
[[File:Import_as.JPG|thumb|400px|right|Choose how to import the GeoJSON file]]
|Check that your project sufficiently matches the stated {{inlink|prerequisites}}
<br clear=all>
|Make sure that you have prepared all {{inlink|data}} you wish to use
|Add the groundwater overlay to your project
|Start and follow the steps in the [[Water model#Configuration_wizard|configuration wizard]]
|When the configuration wizard is completed, the overlay will automatically recalculate. (If it does not, select [[Grid_overlay#Grid_recalculation|refresh grid]].)
|When the recalculation has completed, you can inspect the results
}}


==Visualization options==
==Data analysis==
[[File:No_color.JPG|600px|thumb|right|Texture options.]]
When the calculation has completed, results of the calculation inspected by selecting the overlay in the [[session interface]].
Depending on the use case, it might be fitting to show the 3D world and the spatial plan in plain white colors with no windows, doors etc.
 
To do this, go in the Editor interface to Visuals and choose the Plain White option.
===Overlay map===
[[File:Plain_white.JPG|600px|thumb|right|Plain white texture for buildings.]]
To check directly whether the model functions as expected, you can activate the overlay, and see the end-results directly. If multiple [[Water_model#Timeframes|timeframes]] have been recorded, the results can be replayed, to see the progression of the results over time.
 
===Water balance===
Besides directly inspecting the results geographically, when verifying the functioning of a hydrological model it can be insightful to check the [[Water_model#Water balance|water balance]]. This option allows a net tally of where water ends up in the hydrological system.
 
==Refining the model==
Based on the results from the initial calculation, you can tweak your data to refine your model. You can update your relevant datasets, and then step through the configuration wizard again.
 
{{Editor steps|title=refine the groundwater overlay
|Reopen the configuration wizard of the overlay
|In any step where you want to update your data, either change the individual values or clear, and reupload the data
|Skip through all steps which concern data you do not wish to change
|When you finish the configuration wizard, the overlay will automatically recalculate. (If it does not, select [[Grid_overlay#Grid_recalculation|refresh grid]].)
|When the recalculation has completed, you can inspect the results
}}
 
Every step where no data has changed can be skipped, and the dataset which has been uploaded can be reuploaded in the relevant step. Alternatively, you can do this directly by changing the relevant data in your project. For example, it is possible to directly change the [[attributes]] of [[constructions]].
 
===Saving the results===
If the results of the calculation provide a proper baseline hydrological model, the result of the overlay can be [[Grid_overlay#Save_overlay_result|saved]] as an inactive copy. This means that the overlay, including its direct settings and its results, are duplicated into a new overlay. The duplicate is then set to "inactive". This means the data in that overlay won't change as further changes are made. This means you can set up a new scenario in your original overlay, and after performing another calculation compare the results of the first and the second situation.

Revision as of 08:12, 4 January 2019

This article is a stub.

The groundwater overlay is an implementation of the Water model optimized for calculating the flow of underground watertables. This implementation focuses on water flowing at a low speed, and on the functioning of the water system without calamitous events such as breaches.

Use cases

The groundwater overlay can be used and is recommended when exploring the following use-cases:

  • Modeling a static, low-speed water system
  • Modeling the long-term effects of excessive rain or excessive drought on the water table
  • Modeling the spread of chemicals through the underground, carried along by water

Preparing to use the overlay

To use the overlay, it is recommended that the project meets a number of prerequisites. Next, data can be prepared which define the functioning and flow of the water model. This includes a clear idea of what kind out output is desired. After that data is prepared, you can begin the actual steps of adding the overlay.

It is important to model a fully functional static water system for any relevant use of the groundwater overlay. After setting up the static water model, additional effects can be modeled to account for special circumstances. This has the added benefit of creating a control-state, to which results of modifications or calamities can be compared.

Prerequisites

When creating your project, make sure it meets the following criteria:

  • Your project has been loaded in with a high-resolution DEM. This can be configured during the new project wizard.
  • Your project is large enough to account for edge effects. A buffer of at least 1km around your actual project area is recommended.
  • The project's eventual use. The calculations will take longer than most other calculations in the Tygron Platform, so sessions with live interaction are discouraged.

Data

Before creating and configuring the overlay, it is best to prepare the data you wish to use in your model.

Geographical data

The following data needs to be prepared, so that it can be loaded in and used by the water model's calculations: Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist

Calculation properties

Consider the duration you want your simulation to last, and whether you wish to account for rainfall in your model. The following environmental data needs to be prepared, so that it can be configured and used by the water model's calculations: Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist

Result types

After the calculation completes, consider what kind of output is relevant to your use-case. The following result types can be considered, so that it can be configured and used by the water model's calculations: Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist Template:OverlayChecklist

Adding and configuring the overlay

Template:Editor ribbon

How to use the groundwater overlay:
  1. Check that your project sufficiently matches the stated prerequisites
  2. Make sure that you have prepared all data you wish to use
  3. Add the groundwater overlay to your project
  4. Start and follow the steps in the configuration wizard
  5. When the configuration wizard is completed, the overlay will automatically recalculate. (If it does not, select refresh grid.)
  6. When the recalculation has completed, you can inspect the results

Data analysis

When the calculation has completed, results of the calculation inspected by selecting the overlay in the session interface.

Overlay map

To check directly whether the model functions as expected, you can activate the overlay, and see the end-results directly. If multiple timeframes have been recorded, the results can be replayed, to see the progression of the results over time.

Water balance

Besides directly inspecting the results geographically, when verifying the functioning of a hydrological model it can be insightful to check the water balance. This option allows a net tally of where water ends up in the hydrological system.

Refining the model

Based on the results from the initial calculation, you can tweak your data to refine your model. You can update your relevant datasets, and then step through the configuration wizard again.

How to refine the groundwater overlay:
  1. Reopen the configuration wizard of the overlay
  2. In any step where you want to update your data, either change the individual values or clear, and reupload the data
  3. Skip through all steps which concern data you do not wish to change
  4. When you finish the configuration wizard, the overlay will automatically recalculate. (If it does not, select refresh grid.)
  5. When the recalculation has completed, you can inspect the results

Every step where no data has changed can be skipped, and the dataset which has been uploaded can be reuploaded in the relevant step. Alternatively, you can do this directly by changing the relevant data in your project. For example, it is possible to directly change the attributes of constructions.

Saving the results

If the results of the calculation provide a proper baseline hydrological model, the result of the overlay can be saved as an inactive copy. This means that the overlay, including its direct settings and its results, are duplicated into a new overlay. The duplicate is then set to "inactive". This means the data in that overlay won't change as further changes are made. This means you can set up a new scenario in your original overlay, and after performing another calculation compare the results of the first and the second situation.