Groundwater Overlay and How to configure the Water Overlays: Difference between pages

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This page describes several use cases and examples of configurations in the [[Flooding_(Overlay)|Flooding Overlay]].
==Simulate a levee breach scenario 1==
In this scenario we want to simulate a levee breach near an adjacent waterbody. ''In this example, the whole waterbody is present in the 3D project.'' This is important to notice, to model the correct volume of the waterbody. If your waterbody is too large or your project is smaller, you can model the breach area differently, see therefore the use case below.
In this scenario you would want to have the breach connected to the water body, since we are going to use the water level of the waterbody to determine the flooding.


The groundwater overlay is an implementation of the [[Water model]] optimized for calculating the flow of underground watertables. This implementation focuses on water flowing at a low speed, and on the functioning of the water system without calamitous events such as [[Water model#Breach|breaches]].
In the steps here, the breach area is drawn in the Editor. It is also possible to import a [[GeoJSON]] file with the location of the breach.


==Use cases==
{{Editor steps|title= set-up the breach area
The groundwater overlay can be used and is recommended when exploring the following use-cases:
|In the Editor go to GEO Data --> Areas
* Modeling a static, low-speed water system
|Add a new area by clicking in the bottom left corner.
* Modeling the long-term effects of excessive rain or excessive drought on the water table
|Select the newly created area (named Area) and give it a fitting name on the right
* Modeling the spread of chemicals through the underground, carried along by water
|Zoom in to the location where you want to have the breach and click on the Adjust area button
|Select the location of your breach and click on Apply settings. Make sure the breach is connected to the water body.
|Go to the tab attributes and set the breach floor attribute by adding the attribute name, value and clicking on save.
}}
<gallery mode=nolines>
File:Create_area.JPG
File:Location_area.JPG
File:Draw_area.JPG
File:Area_attributes.JPG
</gallery>


==Preparing to use the overlay==
{{Editor steps|title= configure the flooding
To use the overlay, it is recommended that the project meets a number of prerequisites. Next, data can be prepared which define the functioning and flow of the water model. This includes a clear idea of what kind out output is desired. After that data is prepared, you can begin the actual steps of adding the overlay.
|Add a [[Flooding_(Overlay)|Flooding Overlay]] and go to the [[Water_Overlays#Configuration_Wizard|Configuration Wizard]] of the Flooding Overlay.
|In step 2.1 select the attribute that specifies your breach floor so the software knows which area is your breach area.
|Click on ''Next''.
|In the dropdown menu choose the name of your breach area and check if the attributes correspond with what you have set as attributes or change them here.
|In step 2.2 import your water level areas with at least a water level attribute.  
|Finish the Wizard and refresh the Overlay.  
|After the flooding is calculated, check the [[Water_Overlays#Show_Water_Balance|Water Balance]] to get more insight in your scenario.  
}}
<gallery mode=nolines>
</gallery>


It is important to model a fully functional static water system for any relevant use of the groundwater overlay. After setting up the static water model, additional effects can be modeled to account for special circumstances. This has the added benefit of creating a control-state, to which results of modifications or calamities can be compared.
==Simulate a levee breach scenario 2==
In this scenario we want to simulate a levee breach near an adjacent water body, ''but in this case, the water body is not fully in 3D in the project.'' For example, if your project is of a part of Flevoland and you don't want to create a project of the whole IJsselmeer, you can simulate the flooding by the IJsselmeer.
In this scenario you would not want to have the breach connected to the water body, since we are not going to import the water level of this water body. This means the water body will not have a water level and thus the flooding will go to the lowest point which is probably to the water body and not the land.  


===Prerequisites===
In the steps here, the breach area is drawn in the Editor. It is also possible to import a [[GeoJSON]] file with the location of the breach.
When creating your [[project]], make sure it meets the following [[Water model#Usage|criteria]]:
* Your project has been loaded in with a high-resolution DEM. This can be configured during the [[new project wizard]].
* Your project is large enough to account for edge effects. A buffer of at least 1km around your actual project area is recommended.
* The project's eventual use does not require immediate results. The calculations will take longer than most other calculations in the {{software}}, so sessions with live interaction are discouraged.


===Data===
{{Editor steps|title= set-up the breach area
Before creating and configuring the overlay, it is best to prepare the data you wish to use in your model.
|In the Editor go to GEO Data --> Areas
|Add a new area by clicking in the bottom left corner.
|Select the newly created area (named Area) and give it a fitting name on the right
|Zoom in to the location where you want to have the breach and click on the Adjust area button
|Select the location of your breach and click on Apply settings. Make sure the breach is not connected to the water body and ideally draw it on the inside of the dike.
|Go to the tab attributes and add the [[Flooding_(Overlay)#Define_a_Breach_area|breach floor attribute]] and the [[Flooding_(Overlay)#Define_a_Breach_area|outlet capacity]]. The outlet capacity is the volume of the waterbody. Also add either the [[Flooding_(Overlay)#Define_a_Breach_area|outlet Q]] or the [[Flooding_(Overlay)#Define_a_Breach_area|outlet level]] to determine how much water will flow through the breach.
}}
<gallery mode=nolines>
File:Breach_scenario_2.JPG
</gallery>


====Geographical data====
{{Editor steps|title= configure the flooding
The following data needs to be prepared, so that it can be loaded in and used by the water model's calculations:
|Then follow the steps above to configure the flooding.
{{OverlayChecklist|table=true}}
|In step 2.2 when you import the water level areas, don't import the water level area for the large water body near your breach area.
{{OverlayChecklist|Water areas|link=Water model#Water_area|
|Finish the Wizard and refresh the Overlay.  
  importance=Required for proper water levels|
|After the flooding is calculated, check the [[Water_Overlays#Show_Water_Balance|Water Balance]] to get more insight in your scenario.  
  description=Water areas set the water level of all open water in the area they envelop.}}
}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Ground water|link=Water model#Groundwater_geotiff|
<gallery mode=nolines>
  importance=Required for proper water levels|
File:Waterbalance_scenario2.JPG
  description=The ground water geotiff sets the underground water level.}}
</gallery>
{{OverlayChecklist|Weirs|link=Water model#Weir|
  importance=Required for proper water flow|
  description=Weirs connect otherwise separate sections of open water, allowing water to flow over the weir.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Culverts|link=Water model#Culvert|
  importance=Required for proper water flow|
  description=Culverts connect otherwise separate sections of open water, allowing water to flow through the culvert.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Pumps|link=Water model#Pump|
  importance=Required for proper water flow|
  description=Pumps connect otherwise separate sections of open water, moving water unidirectionally from the lower terrain level to the higher terrain level.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Inlets|link=Water model#Inlet|
  importance=Required for proper water flow into and out of the project area|
  description=Inlets are points in the water model where water is added or removed from the hydrological system.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Sewer areas|link=Water model#Sewer|
  importance=Recommended for proper water levels|
  description=Sewer areas intersect with [[sewered]] [[constructions]] in the area they envelop to form sewers which can store water.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Sewer overflows|link=Water model#Sewer_overflow|
  importance=Recommended for proper water flow|
  description=Sewer overflows allow water to flow from a sewer out into open water.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Chemical producers|link=Water model#Chemical_hotspots|
  importance=Required for modelling chemical flows|
  description=Chemical producers create some quantity of chloride, phosphorus, or nitrogen.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|table-end=true}}


====Calculation properties====
==Time-controlled flow rate in a breach area==
Consider the duration you want your simulation to last, and whether you wish to account for rainfall in your model. The following environmental data needs to be prepared, so that it can be configured and used by the water model's calculations:
To create a variable Outlet Q in a breach area, a CSV (comma-separated values) file can be imported.
{{OverlayChecklist|table=true}}
Below the steps on how to create such a breach area. For this example we create the CSV in Excel, but you can also use another program to create the CSV.  
{{OverlayChecklist|Simulation time|link=Water model#Simulation_time|
{{Editor steps|title= set-up your CSV in Excel
  importance=Required|
|Open Excel.
  description=How long should the simulation last in total. Groundwater calculations often look at timespans of weeks or months.}}
|In the first column, define your time steps. This can be in seconds, minutes, hours or days.
{{OverlayChecklist|Timeframes|link=Water model#Timeframes|
|Add the corresponding flow rates per step in the second column.
  importance=Recommended|
|Save the Excel as a CSV.
  description=How many result snapshots should be generated by the calculation, for inspection after the calculation completes.}}
}}
{{OverlayChecklist|Rain|link=Water model#Weather|
<gallery mode=nolines>
  importance=Optional|
File:Csv_example.JPG
  description=How long should rain last at the start of the simulation, and how much rain should fall in total.}}
File:Save.JPG
{{OverlayChecklist|table-end=true}}
</gallery>
{{Editor steps|title= import the CSV as the flow rate
|Either add a breach area or have your [[GeoJSON]] file with your breach area ready. The area should have at least a [[Flooding_(Overlay)#Define_a_Breach_area|breach floor attribute]].
|Add a [[Flooding_(Overlay)|Flooding Overlay]].
|Go to the [[Water_Overlays#Configuration_Wizard|Configuration Wizard]] of the Flooding Overlay.
|In step 2.1 either select the attribute that specifies your breach floor or import your [[GeoJSON]] file.
|Click on ''Next''.
|In the dropdown menu, select your breach area. Now click on ''Edit''.
|Import your CSV file by selecting the CSV file.
|Select the time units in your file.
|Select the seperator for your file.
|Click on Apply.
}}
<gallery mode=nolines>
File:Select_breach.JPG
File:Edit_breach.JPG
File:Import_csv.JPG
File:Time_units.JPG
File:Seperator.JPG
File:Apply_file.JPG
</gallery>


====Result types====
==Multi breach simulation==
After the calculation completes, consider what kind of output is relevant to your use-case. The following [[Water model#Result_types|result types]] can be considered, so that it can be configured and used by the water model's calculations:
It is also possible to simulate a situation in where there is first one levee breach, following by another (or multiple).
{{OverlayChecklist|table=true}}
Therefore we also make use of the variable Outlet Q and a CSV file as mentioned above in the previous use case. In the steps below, two breaches are demonstrated, but the same steps apply to multiple breaches.
{{OverlayChecklist|SURFACE_LAST_VALUE|link=Water model#Result_types|
{{Editor steps|title= set up a multi breach scenario
  importance=Required for insight into amount of water|
|First create a CSV file in where you structure the data in a way that at the start of the simulation, the outlet is 0. See for an example the image below.
  description=The amount of water in any given location.}}
|Either add two breach areas or have your [[GeoJSON]] file with your breach areas ready. The areas should have at least a [[Flooding_(Overlay)#Define_a_Breach_area|breach floor attribute]].
{{OverlayChecklist|UNDERGROUND_LAST_VALUE|link=Water model#Result_types|
|Add a [[Flooding_(Overlay)|Flooding Overlay]].
  importance=Required for insight into amount of water|
|Go to the [[Water_Overlays#Configuration_Wizard|Configuration Wizard]] of the Flooding Overlay.
  description=The groundwater level rise in any given location.}}
|In step 2.1 either select the attribute that specifies your breach floor or import your [[GeoJSON]] file.
{{OverlayChecklist|SURFACE_FLOW|link=Water model#Result_types|
|Click on ''Next''.
  importance=Recommended for insight into movement of water|
|In the dropdown menu, select the breach area that breaks second.  
  description=The flow of water across the land and water in total.}}
|Click on ''Edit'' and import the CSV file.  
{{OverlayChecklist|EVAPORATED|link=Water model#Result_types|
|Finish the Wizard and refresh the Overlay.
  importance=Recommended for insight into water leaving the system|
  description=The amount of water which evaporated in total.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|UNDERGROUND_WATERTABLE|link=Water model#Result_types|
  importance=Optional for insight into groundwater|
  description=The groundwater level in any given location, relative to NAP.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|CHLORIDE, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS|link=Water model#Result_types|
  importance=Required for insight into chemical flow and impact|
  description=The amount of certain compounds present in any location.}}
{{OverlayChecklist|table-end=true}}
 
==Adding and configuring the overlay==
{{Editor ribbon|header=current situation|bar=Overlays|dropdown=Groundwater overlay}}
 
{{Editor steps|title=use the groundwater overlay
|Check that your project sufficiently matches the stated {{inlink|prerequisites}}
|Make sure that you have prepared all {{inlink|data}} you wish to use
|Add the groundwater overlay to your project
|Start and follow the steps in the [[Water model#Configuration_wizard|configuration wizard]]
|When the configuration wizard is completed, the overlay will automatically recalculate. (If it does not, select [[Grid_overlay#Grid_recalculation|refresh grid]].)
|When the recalculation has completed, you can inspect the results
}}
}}
<gallery mode=nolines>
File:Breach_2_csv.JPG
File:Breach_areas.JPG
File:Breach_two.JPG
</gallery>


==Data analysis==
==Import waterdepth data==
When the calculation has completed, results of the calculation inspected by selecting the overlay in the [[session interface]]. The quickest means of inspecting the results are listed here. For a more complete overview, see [[Water_Overlays#Result_analysis|result analysis]].
For modelling the correct volume of a waterbody, it is important that the depth of a waterbody is accurately modelled. If you have data of your waterbodies and their depth, for example sections of water bodies, it is possible to import this data as part of the DEM (Digital Elevation Model). Together with importing your water level areas, the volume of the waterbody can then be more accurately calculated. Below the steps on how to import the data.


===Overlay map===
The steps below assume you have already a digital dataset of your waterdepth data available (thus no PDF's with sections).
To check directly whether the model functions as expected, you can activate the overlay, and see the end-results directly. If multiple [[Water_model#Timeframes|timeframes]] have been recorded, the results can be replayed, to see the progression of the results over time.
Either a vector dataset of the waterbodies with an attribute that shows the depth or a raster dataset of the waterdepth data.


===Water balance===
==Simulate a flood wave with in- and outlet areas==
Besides directly inspecting the results geographically, when verifying the functioning of a hydrological model it can be insightful to check the [[Water_model#Water balance|water balance]]. This option allows a net tally of where water ends up in the hydrological system.
To simulate a scenario of for example a flood wave in a river, you can create in- and outlet areas.
These are basically breach areas. The inlet area demonstrates the inflow of water, the outlet area demonstrates the outflow of water.
The images show an example with invented values for the attributes.
{{Editor steps|title= set up a flood wave scenario
|Draw two areas at the one side of the river where water will flow in and at the other side of the river where the water flows out. It is also possible to import a [[GeoJSON]] file with these areas.
|The areas should have a [[Flooding_(Overlay)#Define_a_Breach_area|breach floor attribute]]. Give the inlet area an [[Flooding_(Overlay)#Define_a_Breach_area|outlet level]] and/or [[Flooding_(Overlay)#Define_a_Breach_area|outlet Q]]. This depends on the data you have of the scenario. If you know for example the water level of a flood wave, use the outlet level. If you know the flow rate, use the outlet Q. Both is also possible, then the outlet level has precedence over the outlet Q. For the outlet area, enter, a negative outlet Q value and/or an outlet level.
|Add a [[Flooding_(Overlay)|Flooding Overlay]] and go to the [[Water_Overlays#Configuration_Wizard|Configuration Wizard]] of the Flooding Overlay.
|In step 2.1 either select the attribute that specifies your breach floor or import your [[GeoJSON]] file.
|Click on ''Next''.
|In the dropdown menu, check if the attributes of the areas correspond with what you have set as attributes.
|In step 2.2 import your water level areas with at least a water level attribute.
|Finish the Wizard and refresh the Overlay.
|After the flooding is calculated, check [[Water_Overlays#Show_Water_Balance|Water Balance]] to get more insight in the scenario.  
}}
<gallery mode=nolines>
File:Areas_location.JPG
File:Inflow.JPG
File:Outflow.JPG
File:Waterbalance_panel.JPG
</gallery>


==Refining the model==
==Track flow in a hydrological system==
Based on the results from the initial calculation, you can tweak your data to refine your model. You can update your relevant datasets, and then step through the configuration wizard again.  
To track water in a hydrological system, i.e. find where water from a specific point flows to, it is possible to artificially add a chemical emitter in the water system. Any water passing through that construction will pick up the chemical. By having a result type added which highlights that chemical, the flow of the water can be tracked quite accurately.


{{Editor steps|title=refine the groundwater overlay
For the purposes of this scenario, a simple hydrological model will be assumed, although the same technique can be used for [[breach]]es and other calamitous scenarios.
|Reopen the configuration wizard of the overlay
{{Editor steps|title=set up water flow tracking
|In any step where you want to update your data, either change the individual values or clear, and reupload the data
|Configure a base hydrological system. It is recommended to use the  
|Skip through all steps which concern data you do not wish to change
|When you finish the configuration wizard, the overlay will automatically recalculate. (If it does not, select [[Grid_overlay#Grid_recalculation|refresh grid]].)
|When the recalculation has completed, you can inspect the results
}}
}}
Every step where no data has changed can be skipped, and the dataset which has been uploaded can be reuploaded in the relevant step. Alternatively, you can do this directly by changing the relevant data in your project. For example, it is possible to directly change the [[attributes]] of [[constructions]].
===Saving the results===
If the results of the calculation provide a proper baseline hydrological model, the result of the overlay can be [[Grid_overlay#Save_overlay_result|saved]] as an inactive copy. This means that the overlay, including its direct settings and its results, are duplicated into a new overlay. The duplicate is then set to "inactive". This means the data in that overlay won't change as further changes are made. This means you can set up a new scenario in your original overlay, and after performing another calculation compare the results of the first and the second situation.

Revision as of 08:59, 4 January 2019

Please note: This page is currently being updated.

This page describes several use cases and examples of configurations in the Flooding Overlay.

Simulate a levee breach scenario 1

In this scenario we want to simulate a levee breach near an adjacent waterbody. In this example, the whole waterbody is present in the 3D project. This is important to notice, to model the correct volume of the waterbody. If your waterbody is too large or your project is smaller, you can model the breach area differently, see therefore the use case below. In this scenario you would want to have the breach connected to the water body, since we are going to use the water level of the waterbody to determine the flooding.

In the steps here, the breach area is drawn in the Editor. It is also possible to import a GeoJSON file with the location of the breach.

How to set-up the breach area:
  1. In the Editor go to GEO Data --> Areas
  2. Add a new area by clicking in the bottom left corner.
  3. Select the newly created area (named Area) and give it a fitting name on the right
  4. Zoom in to the location where you want to have the breach and click on the Adjust area button
  5. Select the location of your breach and click on Apply settings. Make sure the breach is connected to the water body.
  6. Go to the tab attributes and set the breach floor attribute by adding the attribute name, value and clicking on save.
How to configure the flooding:
  1. Add a Flooding Overlay and go to the Configuration Wizard of the Flooding Overlay.
  2. In step 2.1 select the attribute that specifies your breach floor so the software knows which area is your breach area.
  3. Click on Next.
  4. In the dropdown menu choose the name of your breach area and check if the attributes correspond with what you have set as attributes or change them here.
  5. In step 2.2 import your water level areas with at least a water level attribute.
  6. Finish the Wizard and refresh the Overlay.
  7. After the flooding is calculated, check the Water Balance to get more insight in your scenario.

Simulate a levee breach scenario 2

In this scenario we want to simulate a levee breach near an adjacent water body, but in this case, the water body is not fully in 3D in the project. For example, if your project is of a part of Flevoland and you don't want to create a project of the whole IJsselmeer, you can simulate the flooding by the IJsselmeer. In this scenario you would not want to have the breach connected to the water body, since we are not going to import the water level of this water body. This means the water body will not have a water level and thus the flooding will go to the lowest point which is probably to the water body and not the land.

In the steps here, the breach area is drawn in the Editor. It is also possible to import a GeoJSON file with the location of the breach.

How to set-up the breach area:
  1. In the Editor go to GEO Data --> Areas
  2. Add a new area by clicking in the bottom left corner.
  3. Select the newly created area (named Area) and give it a fitting name on the right
  4. Zoom in to the location where you want to have the breach and click on the Adjust area button
  5. Select the location of your breach and click on Apply settings. Make sure the breach is not connected to the water body and ideally draw it on the inside of the dike.
  6. Go to the tab attributes and add the breach floor attribute and the outlet capacity. The outlet capacity is the volume of the waterbody. Also add either the outlet Q or the outlet level to determine how much water will flow through the breach.
How to configure the flooding:
  1. Then follow the steps above to configure the flooding.
  2. In step 2.2 when you import the water level areas, don't import the water level area for the large water body near your breach area.
  3. Finish the Wizard and refresh the Overlay.
  4. After the flooding is calculated, check the Water Balance to get more insight in your scenario.

Time-controlled flow rate in a breach area

To create a variable Outlet Q in a breach area, a CSV (comma-separated values) file can be imported. Below the steps on how to create such a breach area. For this example we create the CSV in Excel, but you can also use another program to create the CSV.

How to set-up your CSV in Excel:
  1. Open Excel.
  2. In the first column, define your time steps. This can be in seconds, minutes, hours or days.
  3. Add the corresponding flow rates per step in the second column.
  4. Save the Excel as a CSV.
How to import the CSV as the flow rate:
  1. Either add a breach area or have your GeoJSON file with your breach area ready. The area should have at least a breach floor attribute.
  2. Add a Flooding Overlay.
  3. Go to the Configuration Wizard of the Flooding Overlay.
  4. In step 2.1 either select the attribute that specifies your breach floor or import your GeoJSON file.
  5. Click on Next.
  6. In the dropdown menu, select your breach area. Now click on Edit.
  7. Import your CSV file by selecting the CSV file.
  8. Select the time units in your file.
  9. Select the seperator for your file.
  10. Click on Apply.

Multi breach simulation

It is also possible to simulate a situation in where there is first one levee breach, following by another (or multiple). Therefore we also make use of the variable Outlet Q and a CSV file as mentioned above in the previous use case. In the steps below, two breaches are demonstrated, but the same steps apply to multiple breaches.

How to set up a multi breach scenario:
  1. First create a CSV file in where you structure the data in a way that at the start of the simulation, the outlet is 0. See for an example the image below.
  2. Either add two breach areas or have your GeoJSON file with your breach areas ready. The areas should have at least a breach floor attribute.
  3. Add a Flooding Overlay.
  4. Go to the Configuration Wizard of the Flooding Overlay.
  5. In step 2.1 either select the attribute that specifies your breach floor or import your GeoJSON file.
  6. Click on Next.
  7. In the dropdown menu, select the breach area that breaks second.
  8. Click on Edit and import the CSV file.
  9. Finish the Wizard and refresh the Overlay.

Import waterdepth data

For modelling the correct volume of a waterbody, it is important that the depth of a waterbody is accurately modelled. If you have data of your waterbodies and their depth, for example sections of water bodies, it is possible to import this data as part of the DEM (Digital Elevation Model). Together with importing your water level areas, the volume of the waterbody can then be more accurately calculated. Below the steps on how to import the data.

The steps below assume you have already a digital dataset of your waterdepth data available (thus no PDF's with sections). Either a vector dataset of the waterbodies with an attribute that shows the depth or a raster dataset of the waterdepth data.

Simulate a flood wave with in- and outlet areas

To simulate a scenario of for example a flood wave in a river, you can create in- and outlet areas. These are basically breach areas. The inlet area demonstrates the inflow of water, the outlet area demonstrates the outflow of water. The images show an example with invented values for the attributes.

How to set up a flood wave scenario:
  1. Draw two areas at the one side of the river where water will flow in and at the other side of the river where the water flows out. It is also possible to import a GeoJSON file with these areas.
  2. The areas should have a breach floor attribute. Give the inlet area an outlet level and/or outlet Q. This depends on the data you have of the scenario. If you know for example the water level of a flood wave, use the outlet level. If you know the flow rate, use the outlet Q. Both is also possible, then the outlet level has precedence over the outlet Q. For the outlet area, enter, a negative outlet Q value and/or an outlet level.
  3. Add a Flooding Overlay and go to the Configuration Wizard of the Flooding Overlay.
  4. In step 2.1 either select the attribute that specifies your breach floor or import your GeoJSON file.
  5. Click on Next.
  6. In the dropdown menu, check if the attributes of the areas correspond with what you have set as attributes.
  7. In step 2.2 import your water level areas with at least a water level attribute.
  8. Finish the Wizard and refresh the Overlay.
  9. After the flooding is calculated, check Water Balance to get more insight in the scenario.

Track flow in a hydrological system

To track water in a hydrological system, i.e. find where water from a specific point flows to, it is possible to artificially add a chemical emitter in the water system. Any water passing through that construction will pick up the chemical. By having a result type added which highlights that chemical, the flow of the water can be tracked quite accurately.

For the purposes of this scenario, a simple hydrological model will be assumed, although the same technique can be used for breaches and other calamitous scenarios.

How to set up water flow tracking:
  1. Configure a base hydrological system. It is recommended to use the